diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index e69de29..9ac7a1b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+__pycache__/
+.vscode/
+.venv/
+.env
+.ruff_cache/
+.pytest_cache/
+.claude/
+AGENTS.md
+DESIGN_DOCUMENT.md
+.mypy_cache/
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcb5636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## 1.0.0 (2026-01-30)
+
+První kompletní verze aplikace Vault.
+
+### Core
+
+- **file_entry.py** - Immutable dataclass pro reprezentaci souboru (cesta, SHA-256 hash, velikost, timestampy)
+- **manifest.py** - Správa vault metadat (vault_id, lokace replik, seznam souborů). Ukládání/načítání z `.vault/manifest.json`. Deduplikace lokací s resolved cestami
+- **lock.py** - Exkluzivní přístup k vault pomocí fcntl (LOCK_EX). Detekce PID vlastníka
+- **image_manager.py** - Vytváření sparse .vault souborů, formátování exFAT (mkfs.exfat), resize (truncate + fsck), dotaz na info
+- **container.py** - Mount/unmount přes udisksctl (loop device, bez root oprávnění)
+- **file_watcher.py** - Detekce změn souborů přes watchdog/inotify (create, modify, delete, move). Podpora ignore patterns
+- **file_sync.py** - Kopírování souborů s progress callbackem (chunked, 1MB). Sync na úrovni jednotlivých souborů (SHA-256 + timestamp porovnání)
+- **sync_manager.py** - Orchestrace synchronizace mezi replikami. Real-time propagace změn přes file watcher. Manifest-based porovnání pro reconnect sync. Pause/resume
+- **vault.py** - Hlavní třída Vault orchestrující vše:
+  - Otevření/zavření vault s lock managementem
+  - Automatické mountování sekundárních replik z manifestu
+  - Přidání/odebrání replik s full sync
+  - Manuální synchronizace
+  - Resize všech replik (unmount → resize → remount)
+  - Detekce zaplnění (>90% varování)
+  - Polling dostupnosti replik (30s) s auto-reconnect
+  - Konzistentní porovnání cest pomocí Path.resolve()
+  - Graceful shutdown (SIGINT/SIGTERM)
+
+### GUI (System Tray)
+
+- **tray_app.py** - System tray daemon s kontextovým menu:
+  - Vytvořit/otevřít/zavřít vault
+  - Přidat repliku, spravovat repliky
+  - Synchronizovat, zvětšit vault
+  - Stavy ikon: šedá (zavřeno), zelená (otevřeno), žlutá (částečné repliky), modrá (sync), červená (chyba)
+  - 5s status update timer, 30s replica check timer
+  - Varování při zaplnění >90%
+- **notifications.py** - Systémové notifikace přes notify-send
+- **dialogs/new_vault.py** - Dialog pro vytvoření vault (název, cesta, velikost s quick buttony 1/5/10/50 GB)
+- **dialogs/open_vault.py** - Dialog pro otevření existujícího .vault souboru
+- **dialogs/manage_replicas.py** - Tabulka replik se statusem (primární/sekundární, připojeno/odpojeno) a tlačítkem pro odebrání
+- **dialogs/sync_progress.py** - Progress dialog se progress barem, aktuálním souborem, logem a cancel tlačítkem
+- **dialogs/resize_vault.py** - Dialog pro zvětšení vault s aktuálním využitím a spinnerem pro novou velikost
+
+### Testy
+
+- 130 unit testů pokrývajících všechny core moduly
+- test_file_entry, test_manifest, test_lock, test_image_manager, test_container
+- test_file_watcher, test_file_sync, test_sync_manager, test_vault
+
+### Bugfix
+
+- Oprava duplicitního zobrazení replik při otevření sekundárního kontejneru - všechny cesty se nyní porovnávají přes `Path.resolve()` pro kanonickou formu
diff --git a/PROJECT.md b/PROJECT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4178a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PROJECT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# Vault - Project Documentation
+
+## About
+
+Resilientní úložiště s redundantní strukturou. Program spravuje 2+ kontejnerů (disk image souborů), které obsahují:
+- Souborovou strukturu přístupnou přes FUSE mount
+- Metadata o lokacích ostatních kontejnerů
+- Informace o verzích
+- Synchronizované kopie stejného obsahu napříč všemi kontejnery
+
+**Klíčový princip:** Aplikace běží jako tray daemon, mountuje vault jako běžnou složku. Uživatel pracuje se svým oblíbeným file managerem (Nautilus, Dolphin, Thunar). Aplikace na pozadí zajišťuje synchronizaci mezi replikami.
+
+**Platforma:** Pouze Linux (FUSE mount). Windows/Mac možná později.
+
+---
+
+## Specifikace
+
+### Formát úložiště
+- **Kontejner:** Raw disk image (.vault) se sparse alokací
+- **Filesystem:** exFAT (cross-platform, bez 4GB limitu)
+- **Přípona:** `.vault`
+- **Velikost:** Uživatel zadá při vytvoření
+- **Struktura uvnitř:**
+  ```
+  myvault.vault (sparse soubor)
+  └── [exFAT filesystem]
+      ├── .vault/
+      │   ├── manifest.json
+      │   └── lock            # Lock soubor pro exkluzivní přístup
+      ├── documents/
+      │   └── file.txt
+      └── photos/
+          └── image.jpg
+  ```
+
+### Mount
+- **Metoda:** udisksctl (loop device + mount, bez root)
+- **Mount point:** Automatický (udisksctl) nebo uživatelem zvolený
+- **Exkluzivní přístup:** Lock soubor s fcntl - pouze jedna instance může mít vault otevřený
+
+### Čitelnost bez aplikace (bez Vault app)
+- `sudo mount -o loop myvault.vault /mnt/vault`
+
+### Resize
+- Při zaplnění: varování uživateli (notifikace při >90% využití)
+- Uživatel rozhodne o zvětšení přes GUI dialog
+
+### Umístění kontejnerů
+- Kdekoli s RW přístupem (různé disky, síťová umístění, USB, cloud)
+- Každý kontejner obsahuje metadata s cestami k ostatním kontejnerům
+
+### Synchronizace
+- **Úroveň:** Jednotlivé soubory (NE celé .vault obrazy)
+- **Interní Python implementace** (bez rsync)
+- **Hash** (SHA-256) pro detekci změn obsahu
+- **Timestamp** pro určení master verze (novější vyhrává)
+- Předpoklad: většinou budou všechny kontejnery dostupné → synchronní zápis
+- Fallback: při nedostupnosti některého kontejneru se při reconnectu synchronizuje podle timestampu
+- Chunked copy s progress callbackem pro velké soubory
+- **Background sync:** Změny se detekují přes inotify/watchdog a propagují automaticky
+
+**Jak sync funguje:**
+1. Všechny repliky jsou mountnuté současně (každá do jiného temp mount pointu)
+2. Uživatel vidí pouze hlavní mount point
+3. Při změně souboru → soubor se zkopíruje do všech mountnutých replik
+4. Při reconnect nedostupné repliky → porovnání manifestů → kopírování pouze změněných souborů
+
+### GUI
+- **Framework:** PySide6
+- **Typ:** System tray aplikace (daemon)
+- **Jazyk UI:** Čeština
+- **Uživatel pracuje:** Se standardním file managerem OS
+
+---
+
+## GUI - System Tray App
+
+### Tray ikona - stavy
+| Ikona | Stav |
+|-------|------|
+| Zelená | Vault otevřen, vše synchronizováno |
+| Modrá | Synchronizace probíhá |
+| Žlutá | Některé repliky nedostupné |
+| Červená | Chyba (vault zaplněn, sync selhala, atd.) |
+| Šedá | Žádný vault otevřen |
+
+### Tray menu
+```
+My Vault (3/3 replik online)          [status]
+────────────────────────────────────
+Otevřít složku                        [otevře mount point v file manageru]
+────────────────────────────────────
+Vytvořit nový vault...
+Otevřít vault...
+Zavřít vault
+────────────────────────────────────
+Přidat repliku...
+Spravovat repliky...
+────────────────────────────────────
+Synchronizovat
+Zvětšit vault...
+────────────────────────────────────
+Ukončit
+```
+
+### Dialogy
+- **Nový vault:** Název, cesta, velikost (s quick buttony 1/5/10/50 GB)
+- **Otevřít vault:** Výběr .vault souboru
+- **Spravovat repliky:** Tabulka replik se statusem a tlačítkem pro odebrání
+- **Zvětšit vault:** Aktuální využití, nová velikost
+- **Sync progress:** Progress bar, aktuální soubor, log, cancel
+
+---
+
+## Architektura
+
+```
+Vault/
+├── Vault.py                 # Entry point
+├── pyproject.toml           # Poetry konfigurace
+├── src/
+│   ├── core/                # Business logika (BEZ UI importů!)
+│   │   ├── vault.py         # Hlavní třída Vault - orchestrace
+│   │   ├── container.py     # Mount/unmount přes udisksctl
+│   │   ├── image_manager.py # Vytváření/resize sparse .vault souborů
+│   │   ├── lock.py          # Exkluzivní přístup (fcntl)
+│   │   ├── sync_manager.py  # Synchronizace mezi replikami
+│   │   ├── file_watcher.py  # watchdog/inotify pro detekci změn
+│   │   ├── file_sync.py     # Kopírování souborů s progress callback
+│   │   ├── manifest.py      # Metadata - lokace, verze, soubory
+│   │   └── file_entry.py    # Reprezentace souboru (path, hash, timestamp)
+│   └── ui/
+│       ├── tray_app.py      # System tray aplikace + menu
+│       ├── notifications.py # System notifikace (notify-send)
+│       └── dialogs/
+│           ├── new_vault.py
+│           ├── open_vault.py
+│           ├── manage_replicas.py
+│           ├── resize_vault.py
+│           └── sync_progress.py
+└── tests/
+    ├── test_file_entry.py
+    ├── test_manifest.py
+    ├── test_lock.py
+    ├── test_image_manager.py
+    ├── test_container.py
+    ├── test_file_watcher.py
+    ├── test_file_sync.py
+    ├── test_sync_manager.py
+    └── test_vault.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## Metadata struktura (.vault/manifest.json)
+
+```json
+{
+  "vault_id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
+  "vault_name": "My Vault",
+  "version": 1,
+  "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00Z",
+  "last_modified": "2026-01-28T15:45:00Z",
+  "image_size_mb": 10240,
+  "locations": [
+    {
+      "path": "/mnt/disk1/myvault.vault",
+      "last_seen": "2026-01-28T15:45:00Z",
+      "status": "active"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "/mnt/usb/myvault.vault",
+      "last_seen": "2026-01-28T15:45:00Z",
+      "status": "active"
+    }
+  ],
+  "files": [
+    {
+      "path": "documents/file.txt",
+      "hash": "sha256:e3b0c44...",
+      "size": 1234,
+      "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00Z",
+      "modified": "2026-01-28T14:20:00Z"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Závislosti
+
+### Python (Poetry)
+```
+PySide6>=6.10.1        # GUI framework
+pyfuse3>=3.4.2         # FUSE binding (nepoužito - udisksctl místo FUSE)
+watchdog>=6.0.0        # File system events (inotify)
+loguru>=0.7.3          # Logging
+python-dotenv>=1.2.1   # Environment variables
+
+# Dev
+pytest>=9.0.2
+pytest-cov>=7.0.0
+ruff>=0.14.14
+mypy>=1.19.1
+```
+
+### Systémové závislosti (Linux)
+```bash
+sudo apt install udisks2 exfatprogs
+```
+
+---
+
+## Aktuální stav
+
+**Fáze 1-5: Dokončeno**
+
+- Kompletní core logika (vault, container, image_manager, manifest, file_entry, lock, sync_manager, file_watcher, file_sync)
+- System tray GUI s menu, notifikacemi, dialogy
+- Správa replik (přidání, odebrání, tabulka se statusy)
+- Automatická detekce dostupnosti replik (30s polling) s auto-reconnect
+- Resize vault přes GUI dialog
+- Detekce zaplnění s varováním při >90%
+- Graceful shutdown (SIGINT/SIGTERM)
+- 130 testů, vše passing
+- ruff + mypy clean
diff --git a/Vault.py b/Vault.py
index d30a0db..2eb4d60 100644
--- a/Vault.py
+++ b/Vault.py
@@ -1,37 +1,32 @@
-import zipfile
-import os
+"""Vault - Resilient storage application.
 
-def vytvor_zip(zip_path, soubory):
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'w') as zipf:
-        for soubor in soubory:
-            zipf.write(soubor)
+Entry point for the Vault application.
+"""
 
-def extrahuj_zip(zip_path, cilovy_adresar):
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'r') as zipf:
-        zipf.extractall(cilovy_adresar)
+import sys
 
-def vypis_obsah_zip(zip_path):
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'r') as zipf:
-        for nazev in zipf.namelist():
-            print(nazev)
+from loguru import logger
 
-def pridej_do_zip(zip_path, soubor):
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'a') as zipf:
-        zipf.write(soubor)
 
-def prepis_soubor_v_zipu(zip_path, novy_soubor, jmeno_v_zipu=None):
-    jmeno_v_zipu = jmeno_v_zipu or os.path.basename(novy_soubor)
-    temp_zip = zip_path + '.tmp'
+def setup_logging() -> None:
+    """Configure loguru logging."""
+    logger.remove()
+    logger.add(
+        sys.stderr,
+        format="<green>{time:HH:mm:ss}</green> | <level>{level: <8}</level> | {message}",
+        level="INFO",
+    )
 
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'r') as zip_read, \
-         zipfile.ZipFile(temp_zip, 'w') as zip_write:
-        for item in zip_read.infolist():
-            if item.filename != jmeno_v_zipu:
-                data = zip_read.read(item.filename)
-                zip_write.writestr(item, data)
-        zip_write.write(novy_soubor, arcname=jmeno_v_zipu)
 
-    os.replace(temp_zip, zip_path)
+def main() -> int:
+    """Main entry point."""
+    setup_logging()
+    logger.info("Vault starting...")
 
-#vytvor_zip("test.vf", ["material_hardness.xlsx", "material_denominations.xlsx"])
-vypis_obsah_zip("test.vf")
\ No newline at end of file
+    from src.ui.tray_app import main as tray_main
+
+    return tray_main()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30d454f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.1.2 and should not be changed by hand.
+
+[[package]]
+name = "attrs"
+version = "25.4.0"
+description = "Classes Without Boilerplate"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "attrs-25.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:adcf7e2a1fb3b36ac48d97835bb6d8ade15b8dcce26aba8bf1d14847b57a3373"},
+    {file = "attrs-25.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:16d5969b87f0859ef33a48b35d55ac1be6e42ae49d5e853b597db70c35c57e11"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cffi"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main"]
+markers = "os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\""
+files = [
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+
+[[package]]
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+[[package]]
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+optional = false
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+[package.extras]
+watchmedo = ["PyYAML (>=3.10)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "win32-setctime"
+version = "1.2.0"
+description = "A small Python utility to set file creation time on Windows"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+groups = ["main"]
+markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""
+files = [
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+]
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["black (>=19.3b0) ; python_version >= \"3.6\"", "pytest (>=4.6.2)"]
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.1"
+python-versions = ">=3.13,<3.15"
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diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8ad5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+[project]
+name = "vault"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = ""
+authors = [
+    {name = "Jan Doubravský",email = "jan.doubravsky@gmail.com"}
+]
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.13,<3.15"
+dependencies = [
+    "pyside6 (>=6.10.1,<7.0.0)",
+    "pyfuse3 (>=3.4.2,<4.0.0)",
+    "watchdog (>=6.0.0,<7.0.0)",
+    "loguru (>=0.7.3,<0.8.0)",
+    "python-dotenv (>=1.2.1,<2.0.0)"
+]
+
+[tool.poetry]
+package-mode = false
+
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pytest = "^9.0.2"
+pytest-cov = "^7.0.0"
+ruff = "^0.14.14"
+mypy = "^1.19.1"
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+markers = [
+    "integration: marks tests as integration tests (require udisks2, actual mounting)",
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/src/__init__.py b/src/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/src/core/__init__.py b/src/core/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/src/core/container.py b/src/core/container.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220437a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/container.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+"""Container management for mounting/unmounting vault images."""
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+
+class ContainerError(Exception):
+    """Raised when container operation fails."""
+
+
+class Container:
+    """Manages mounting and unmounting of a vault image.
+
+    Uses udisksctl for user-space mounting (no root required).
+
+    Attributes:
+        image_path: Path to the .vault image file
+        mount_point: Path where the image is mounted (None if not mounted)
+        loop_device: Loop device path (e.g., /dev/loop0)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, image_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Initialize container.
+
+        Args:
+            image_path: Path to the .vault image file
+        """
+        self.image_path = image_path
+        self.mount_point: Path | None = None
+        self.loop_device: str | None = None
+        self._object_path: str | None = None  # udisks object path
+
+    def mount(self, mount_point: Path | None = None) -> Path:
+        """Mount the vault image.
+
+        Args:
+            mount_point: Optional custom mount point. If None, uses
+                        udisks default (/run/media/$USER/VAULT)
+
+        Returns:
+            Path where the image is mounted
+
+        Raises:
+            ContainerError: If mounting fails
+        """
+        if self.is_mounted():
+            raise ContainerError("Container is already mounted")
+
+        if not self.image_path.exists():
+            raise ContainerError(f"Image not found: {self.image_path}")
+
+        logger.info(f"Mounting: {self.image_path}")
+
+        try:
+            # Set up loop device using udisksctl
+            self._setup_loop_device()
+
+            # Mount the loop device
+            self._mount_loop_device(mount_point)
+
+            logger.info(f"Mounted at: {self.mount_point}")
+            return self.mount_point  # type: ignore
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Cleanup on failure
+            self._cleanup()
+            raise ContainerError(f"Failed to mount: {e}") from e
+
+    def _setup_loop_device(self) -> None:
+        """Set up loop device using udisksctl."""
+        logger.debug(f"Setting up loop device for: {self.image_path}")
+
+        try:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    "udisksctl",
+                    "loop-setup",
+                    "--file",
+                    str(self.image_path),
+                    "--no-user-interaction",
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+            # Parse output: "Mapped file /path/to/file as /dev/loop0."
+            output = result.stdout.strip()
+            logger.debug(f"udisksctl loop-setup output: {output}")
+
+            # Extract loop device path
+            if "as" in output:
+                self.loop_device = output.split("as")[-1].strip().rstrip(".")
+                # Get the object path for later unmounting
+                self._object_path = f"/org/freedesktop/UDisks2/block_devices/{Path(self.loop_device).name}"
+            else:
+                raise ContainerError(f"Unexpected udisksctl output: {output}")
+
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise ContainerError(f"udisksctl loop-setup failed: {e.stderr}") from e
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise ContainerError(
+                "udisksctl not found. Install with: sudo apt install udisks2"
+            )
+
+    def _mount_loop_device(self, custom_mount_point: Path | None) -> None:
+        """Mount the loop device."""
+        if not self.loop_device:
+            raise ContainerError("No loop device set up")
+
+        logger.debug(f"Mounting loop device: {self.loop_device}")
+
+        try:
+            cmd = [
+                "udisksctl",
+                "mount",
+                "--block-device",
+                self.loop_device,
+                "--no-user-interaction",
+            ]
+
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                cmd,
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+            # Parse output: "Mounted /dev/loop0 at /run/media/user/VAULT"
+            output = result.stdout.strip()
+            logger.debug(f"udisksctl mount output: {output}")
+
+            if "at" in output:
+                mount_path = output.split("at")[-1].strip().rstrip(".")
+                self.mount_point = Path(mount_path)
+            else:
+                raise ContainerError(f"Unexpected udisksctl mount output: {output}")
+
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise ContainerError(f"udisksctl mount failed: {e.stderr}") from e
+
+    def unmount(self) -> None:
+        """Unmount the vault image.
+
+        Raises:
+            ContainerError: If unmounting fails
+        """
+        if not self.is_mounted():
+            logger.warning("Container is not mounted")
+            return
+
+        logger.info(f"Unmounting: {self.mount_point}")
+
+        try:
+            self._unmount_loop_device()
+            self._remove_loop_device()
+            logger.info("Unmounted successfully")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ContainerError(f"Failed to unmount: {e}") from e
+
+        finally:
+            self._cleanup()
+
+    def _unmount_loop_device(self) -> None:
+        """Unmount the loop device."""
+        if not self.loop_device:
+            return
+
+        logger.debug(f"Unmounting: {self.loop_device}")
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    "udisksctl",
+                    "unmount",
+                    "--block-device",
+                    self.loop_device,
+                    "--no-user-interaction",
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True,
+            )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise ContainerError(f"udisksctl unmount failed: {e.stderr}") from e
+
+    def _remove_loop_device(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the loop device."""
+        if not self.loop_device:
+            return
+
+        logger.debug(f"Removing loop device: {self.loop_device}")
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    "udisksctl",
+                    "loop-delete",
+                    "--block-device",
+                    self.loop_device,
+                    "--no-user-interaction",
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True,
+            )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            # Loop device might already be removed
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to remove loop device: {e.stderr}")
+
+    def _cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Reset internal state."""
+        self.mount_point = None
+        self.loop_device = None
+        self._object_path = None
+
+    def is_mounted(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the container is currently mounted.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if mounted, False otherwise
+        """
+        return self.mount_point is not None and self.mount_point.exists()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Container":
+        """Context manager entry - mount the container."""
+        self.mount()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+        """Context manager exit - unmount the container."""
+        if self.is_mounted():
+            self.unmount()
diff --git a/src/core/file_entry.py b/src/core/file_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d43438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/file_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""File entry dataclass for representing files in the vault."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileEntry:
+    """Immutable representation of a file in the vault.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: Relative path within the vault (e.g., 'documents/file.txt')
+        hash: SHA-256 hash of the file content (e.g., 'sha256:abc123...')
+        size: File size in bytes
+        created: Creation timestamp (ISO format)
+        modified: Last modification timestamp (ISO format)
+    """
+
+    path: str
+    hash: str
+    size: int
+    created: datetime
+    modified: datetime
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """Convert to dictionary for JSON serialization."""
+        return {
+            "path": self.path,
+            "hash": self.hash,
+            "size": self.size,
+            "created": self.created.isoformat(),
+            "modified": self.modified.isoformat(),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> "FileEntry":
+        """Create FileEntry from dictionary (JSON deserialization)."""
+        return cls(
+            path=data["path"],
+            hash=data["hash"],
+            size=data["size"],
+            created=datetime.fromisoformat(data["created"]),
+            modified=datetime.fromisoformat(data["modified"]),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_path(cls, base_path: Path, file_path: Path) -> "FileEntry":
+        """Create FileEntry from actual file on disk.
+
+        Args:
+            base_path: Base path of the vault (mount point)
+            file_path: Absolute path to the file
+
+        Returns:
+            FileEntry with computed hash and timestamps
+        """
+        import hashlib
+
+        relative_path = file_path.relative_to(base_path)
+        stat = file_path.stat()
+
+        # Compute SHA-256 hash
+        sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
+        with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+            for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(1024 * 1024), b""):
+                sha256.update(chunk)
+
+        return cls(
+            path=str(relative_path),
+            hash=f"sha256:{sha256.hexdigest()}",
+            size=stat.st_size,
+            created=datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_ctime),
+            modified=datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime),
+        )
+
+    def has_changed(self, other: "FileEntry") -> bool:
+        """Check if file has changed compared to another entry.
+
+        Compares hash for content change detection.
+        """
+        return self.hash != other.hash
+
+    def is_newer_than(self, other: "FileEntry") -> bool:
+        """Check if this file is newer than another entry."""
+        return self.modified > other.modified
diff --git a/src/core/file_sync.py b/src/core/file_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c131c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/file_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+"""File synchronization module for copying files between replicas.
+
+Provides chunked copy with progress callbacks for large files.
+"""
+
+import shutil
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+# Default chunk size: 1 MB
+DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 1024
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CopyProgress:
+    """Progress information for file copy operation."""
+
+    src_path: Path
+    dst_path: Path
+    bytes_copied: int
+    total_bytes: int
+
+    @property
+    def percent(self) -> float:
+        """Return progress as percentage (0-100)."""
+        if self.total_bytes == 0:
+            return 100.0
+        return (self.bytes_copied / self.total_bytes) * 100
+
+    @property
+    def is_complete(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if copy is complete."""
+        return self.bytes_copied >= self.total_bytes
+
+
+# Type alias for progress callback
+ProgressCallback = Callable[[CopyProgress], None]
+
+
+def copy_file_with_progress(
+    src: Path,
+    dst: Path,
+    callback: ProgressCallback | None = None,
+    chunk_size: int = DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE,
+) -> None:
+    """Copy a file with progress callback.
+
+    Args:
+        src: Source file path
+        dst: Destination file path
+        callback: Optional callback called after each chunk
+        chunk_size: Size of chunks to read/write (default 1MB)
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If source file doesn't exist
+        IsADirectoryError: If source or destination is a directory
+        PermissionError: If permission denied
+    """
+    if not src.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Source file not found: {src}")
+
+    if src.is_dir():
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"Source is a directory: {src}")
+
+    if dst.exists() and dst.is_dir():
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"Destination is a directory: {dst}")
+
+    # Create parent directories if needed
+    dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    total_bytes = src.stat().st_size
+    bytes_copied = 0
+
+    logger.debug(f"Copying {src} -> {dst} ({total_bytes} bytes)")
+
+    with open(src, "rb") as fsrc, open(dst, "wb") as fdst:
+        while chunk := fsrc.read(chunk_size):
+            fdst.write(chunk)
+            bytes_copied += len(chunk)
+
+            if callback:
+                progress = CopyProgress(
+                    src_path=src,
+                    dst_path=dst,
+                    bytes_copied=bytes_copied,
+                    total_bytes=total_bytes,
+                )
+                callback(progress)
+
+    # Preserve file metadata (timestamps, permissions)
+    shutil.copystat(src, dst)
+
+    logger.debug(f"Copy complete: {src} -> {dst}")
+
+
+def copy_directory_with_progress(
+    src: Path,
+    dst: Path,
+    callback: ProgressCallback | None = None,
+    chunk_size: int = DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE,
+) -> None:
+    """Recursively copy a directory with progress callback.
+
+    Args:
+        src: Source directory path
+        dst: Destination directory path
+        callback: Optional callback called after each chunk of each file
+        chunk_size: Size of chunks to read/write (default 1MB)
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If source directory doesn't exist
+        NotADirectoryError: If source is not a directory
+    """
+    if not src.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Source directory not found: {src}")
+
+    if not src.is_dir():
+        raise NotADirectoryError(f"Source is not a directory: {src}")
+
+    # Create destination directory
+    dst.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # Copy directory metadata
+    shutil.copystat(src, dst)
+
+    for item in src.iterdir():
+        src_item = item
+        dst_item = dst / item.name
+
+        if item.is_dir():
+            copy_directory_with_progress(src_item, dst_item, callback, chunk_size)
+        else:
+            copy_file_with_progress(src_item, dst_item, callback, chunk_size)
+
+
+def delete_file(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Delete a file.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File path to delete
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If file doesn't exist
+        IsADirectoryError: If path is a directory
+    """
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {path}")
+
+    if path.is_dir():
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"Path is a directory, use delete_directory: {path}")
+
+    path.unlink()
+    logger.debug(f"Deleted file: {path}")
+
+
+def delete_directory(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Recursively delete a directory.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Directory path to delete
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If directory doesn't exist
+        NotADirectoryError: If path is not a directory
+    """
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory not found: {path}")
+
+    if not path.is_dir():
+        raise NotADirectoryError(f"Path is not a directory: {path}")
+
+    shutil.rmtree(path)
+    logger.debug(f"Deleted directory: {path}")
+
+
+def move_file(src: Path, dst: Path) -> None:
+    """Move/rename a file.
+
+    Args:
+        src: Source file path
+        dst: Destination file path
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If source doesn't exist
+    """
+    if not src.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Source not found: {src}")
+
+    # Create parent directories if needed
+    dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    src.rename(dst)
+    logger.debug(f"Moved: {src} -> {dst}")
+
+
+def sync_file(
+    src: Path,
+    dst: Path,
+    callback: ProgressCallback | None = None,
+    chunk_size: int = DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE,
+) -> bool:
+    """Synchronize a single file from source to destination.
+
+    Only copies if source is newer or destination doesn't exist.
+
+    Args:
+        src: Source file path
+        dst: Destination file path
+        callback: Optional progress callback
+        chunk_size: Chunk size for copying
+
+    Returns:
+        True if file was copied, False if already up to date
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If source doesn't exist
+    """
+    if not src.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Source file not found: {src}")
+
+    # Always copy if destination doesn't exist
+    if not dst.exists():
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst, callback, chunk_size)
+        return True
+
+    # Compare modification times
+    src_mtime = src.stat().st_mtime
+    dst_mtime = dst.stat().st_mtime
+
+    if src_mtime > dst_mtime:
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst, callback, chunk_size)
+        return True
+
+    logger.debug(f"File already up to date: {dst}")
+    return False
diff --git a/src/core/file_watcher.py b/src/core/file_watcher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0486e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/file_watcher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+"""File watcher module for detecting changes in vault mount point.
+
+Uses watchdog library with inotify backend on Linux.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from loguru import logger
+from watchdog.events import (
+    DirCreatedEvent,
+    DirDeletedEvent,
+    DirMovedEvent,
+    FileClosedEvent,
+    FileCreatedEvent,
+    FileDeletedEvent,
+    FileModifiedEvent,
+    FileMovedEvent,
+    FileSystemEvent,
+    FileSystemEventHandler,
+)
+from watchdog.observers import Observer
+
+
+class EventType(Enum):
+    """Types of file system events."""
+
+    CREATED = "created"
+    MODIFIED = "modified"
+    DELETED = "deleted"
+    MOVED = "moved"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileEvent:
+    """Represents a file system event."""
+
+    event_type: EventType
+    path: str
+    is_directory: bool
+    dest_path: str | None = None  # Only for MOVED events
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.event_type == EventType.MOVED:
+            return f"{self.event_type.value}: {self.path} -> {self.dest_path}"
+        return f"{self.event_type.value}: {self.path}"
+
+
+# Type alias for file event callbacks
+FileEventCallback = Callable[[FileEvent], None]
+
+
+def _ensure_str(path: str | bytes) -> str:
+    """Convert bytes path to str if necessary."""
+    if isinstance(path, bytes):
+        return path.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+    return path
+
+
+class VaultEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
+    """Handles file system events and converts them to FileEvent objects."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base_path: Path,
+        callback: FileEventCallback,
+        ignore_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.base_path = base_path
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ignore_patterns = ignore_patterns or [".vault"]
+
+    def _should_ignore(self, path: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if path should be ignored."""
+        rel_path = Path(path).relative_to(self.base_path)
+        for pattern in self.ignore_patterns:
+            if pattern in rel_path.parts:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _get_relative_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Convert absolute path to relative path from base."""
+        return str(Path(path).relative_to(self.base_path))
+
+    def _emit_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: EventType,
+        src_path: str,
+        is_directory: bool,
+        dest_path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Create and emit a FileEvent."""
+        if self._should_ignore(src_path):
+            return
+
+        rel_path = self._get_relative_path(src_path)
+        rel_dest = self._get_relative_path(dest_path) if dest_path else None
+
+        file_event = FileEvent(
+            event_type=event_type,
+            path=rel_path,
+            is_directory=is_directory,
+            dest_path=rel_dest,
+        )
+
+        logger.debug(f"File event: {file_event}")
+        self.callback(file_event)
+
+    def on_created(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle file/directory creation."""
+        if isinstance(event, (FileCreatedEvent, DirCreatedEvent)):
+            self._emit_event(
+                EventType.CREATED,
+                _ensure_str(event.src_path),
+                event.is_directory,
+            )
+
+    def on_modified(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle file modification."""
+        # Only track file modifications, not directory modifications
+        if isinstance(event, FileModifiedEvent) and not event.is_directory:
+            self._emit_event(
+                EventType.MODIFIED,
+                _ensure_str(event.src_path),
+                is_directory=False,
+            )
+
+    def on_deleted(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle file/directory deletion."""
+        if isinstance(event, (FileDeletedEvent, DirDeletedEvent)):
+            self._emit_event(
+                EventType.DELETED,
+                _ensure_str(event.src_path),
+                event.is_directory,
+            )
+
+    def on_moved(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle file/directory move/rename."""
+        if isinstance(event, (FileMovedEvent, DirMovedEvent)):
+            self._emit_event(
+                EventType.MOVED,
+                _ensure_str(event.src_path),
+                event.is_directory,
+                dest_path=_ensure_str(event.dest_path),
+            )
+
+    def on_closed(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle file close - emit as modified for write operations."""
+        # FileClosedEvent indicates a file was closed after writing
+        # This is more reliable than on_modified for detecting actual saves
+        if isinstance(event, FileClosedEvent) and not event.is_directory:
+            # We emit MODIFIED because the file content was finalized
+            self._emit_event(
+                EventType.MODIFIED,
+                _ensure_str(event.src_path),
+                is_directory=False,
+            )
+
+
+class FileWatcher:
+    """Watches a directory for file system changes."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        watch_path: Path,
+        callback: FileEventCallback,
+        ignore_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.watch_path = watch_path
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ignore_patterns = ignore_patterns or [".vault"]
+        self._observer: Any = None
+        self._running = False
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start watching for file system events."""
+        if self._running:
+            logger.warning("FileWatcher already running")
+            return
+
+        if not self.watch_path.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Watch path does not exist: {self.watch_path}")
+
+        handler = VaultEventHandler(
+            base_path=self.watch_path,
+            callback=self.callback,
+            ignore_patterns=self.ignore_patterns,
+        )
+
+        self._observer = Observer()
+        self._observer.schedule(handler, str(self.watch_path), recursive=True)
+        self._observer.start()
+        self._running = True
+
+        logger.info(f"FileWatcher started for: {self.watch_path}")
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop watching for file system events."""
+        if not self._running or self._observer is None:
+            return
+
+        self._observer.stop()
+        self._observer.join(timeout=5.0)
+        self._observer = None
+        self._running = False
+
+        logger.info("FileWatcher stopped")
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if watcher is currently running."""
+        return self._running
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "FileWatcher":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: type | None, exc_val: Exception | None, exc_tb: object) -> None:
+        self.stop()
diff --git a/src/core/image_manager.py b/src/core/image_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dcb07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/image_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+"""Image manager for creating and resizing vault disk images."""
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+
+class ImageError(Exception):
+    """Raised when image operation fails."""
+
+
+def create_sparse_image(path: Path, size_mb: int) -> None:
+    """Create a sparse disk image with exFAT filesystem.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path where to create the .vault file
+        size_mb: Size of the image in megabytes
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If creation fails
+    """
+    logger.info(f"Creating sparse image: {path} ({size_mb} MB)")
+
+    if path.exists():
+        raise ImageError(f"File already exists: {path}")
+
+    try:
+        # Create sparse file
+        with open(path, "wb") as f:
+            f.seek(size_mb * 1024 * 1024 - 1)
+            f.write(b"\0")
+
+        logger.debug(f"Sparse file created: {path}")
+
+        # Format as exFAT
+        _format_exfat(path)
+
+        logger.info(f"Image created successfully: {path}")
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        # Cleanup on failure
+        if path.exists():
+            path.unlink()
+        raise ImageError(f"Failed to create image: {e}") from e
+
+
+def _format_exfat(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Format image as exFAT filesystem.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the image file
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If formatting fails
+    """
+    logger.debug(f"Formatting as exFAT: {path}")
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["mkfs.exfat", "-n", "VAULT", str(path)],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        logger.debug(f"mkfs.exfat output: {result.stdout}")
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        raise ImageError(f"mkfs.exfat failed: {e.stderr}") from e
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise ImageError(
+            "mkfs.exfat not found. Install with: sudo apt install exfatprogs"
+        )
+
+
+def resize_image(path: Path, new_size_mb: int) -> None:
+    """Resize an existing vault image.
+
+    The image must not be mounted during resize.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the .vault file
+        new_size_mb: New size in megabytes (must be larger than current)
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If resize fails
+    """
+    logger.info(f"Resizing image: {path} to {new_size_mb} MB")
+
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise ImageError(f"Image not found: {path}")
+
+    current_size = path.stat().st_size
+    new_size = new_size_mb * 1024 * 1024
+
+    if new_size <= current_size:
+        raise ImageError(
+            f"New size ({new_size_mb} MB) must be larger than current "
+            f"({current_size // (1024 * 1024)} MB)"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        # Extend the sparse file
+        with open(path, "r+b") as f:
+            f.seek(new_size - 1)
+            f.write(b"\0")
+
+        logger.debug(f"File extended to {new_size_mb} MB")
+
+        # Resize exFAT filesystem
+        _resize_exfat(path)
+
+        logger.info(f"Image resized successfully: {path}")
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise ImageError(f"Failed to resize image: {e}") from e
+
+
+def _resize_exfat(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Resize exFAT filesystem to fill the image.
+
+    Note: exfatprogs doesn't have a resize tool.
+    We use exfatfsck to check and then the filesystem will
+    automatically use the new space on next mount.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the image file
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If resize fails
+    """
+    logger.debug(f"Checking exFAT filesystem: {path}")
+
+    try:
+        # Run fsck to ensure filesystem integrity
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["fsck.exfat", "-a", str(path)],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        # fsck.exfat returns 0 for clean, 1 for fixed errors
+        if result.returncode not in (0, 1):
+            raise ImageError(f"fsck.exfat failed: {result.stderr}")
+
+        logger.debug(f"fsck.exfat output: {result.stdout}")
+
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise ImageError(
+            "fsck.exfat not found. Install with: sudo apt install exfatprogs"
+        )
+
+
+def get_image_info(path: Path) -> dict:
+    """Get information about a vault image.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the .vault file
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with image information
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If reading info fails
+    """
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise ImageError(f"Image not found: {path}")
+
+    stat = path.stat()
+
+    # Get actual size on disk (sparse file may use less)
+    try:
+        # st_blocks is in 512-byte units
+        actual_size = stat.st_blocks * 512
+    except AttributeError:
+        actual_size = stat.st_size
+
+    return {
+        "path": str(path),
+        "size_mb": stat.st_size // (1024 * 1024),
+        "actual_size_mb": actual_size // (1024 * 1024),
+        "sparse_ratio": actual_size / stat.st_size if stat.st_size > 0 else 0,
+    }
+
+
+def delete_image(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Delete a vault image.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the .vault file
+
+    Raises:
+        ImageError: If deletion fails
+    """
+    logger.info(f"Deleting image: {path}")
+
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise ImageError(f"Image not found: {path}")
+
+    try:
+        path.unlink()
+        logger.info(f"Image deleted: {path}")
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise ImageError(f"Failed to delete image: {e}") from e
diff --git a/src/core/lock.py b/src/core/lock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76930f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/lock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""Lock mechanism for exclusive vault access."""
+
+import fcntl
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+class VaultLockError(Exception):
+    """Raised when vault lock cannot be acquired."""
+
+
+class VaultLock:
+    """Exclusive lock for vault access.
+
+    Uses fcntl.flock for file-based locking.
+    Only one instance can have the lock at a time.
+
+    Usage:
+        lock = VaultLock(mount_point / ".vault" / "lock")
+        if lock.acquire():
+            try:
+                # work with vault
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lock_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Initialize lock.
+
+        Args:
+            lock_path: Path to the lock file
+        """
+        self.lock_path = lock_path
+        self._lock_file: int | None = None
+
+    def acquire(self) -> bool:
+        """Try to acquire exclusive lock.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if lock acquired, False if vault is already locked
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultLockError: If lock acquisition fails for unexpected reason
+        """
+        try:
+            # Ensure parent directory exists
+            self.lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+            # Open lock file (create if doesn't exist)
+            self._lock_file = os.open(
+                str(self.lock_path),
+                os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT,
+                0o644,
+            )
+
+            # Try to acquire exclusive lock (non-blocking)
+            fcntl.flock(self._lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+
+            # Write PID to lock file
+            os.ftruncate(self._lock_file, 0)
+            os.write(self._lock_file, str(os.getpid()).encode())
+
+            return True
+
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            # Lock is held by another process
+            if self._lock_file is not None:
+                os.close(self._lock_file)
+                self._lock_file = None
+            return False
+
+        except OSError as e:
+            if self._lock_file is not None:
+                os.close(self._lock_file)
+                self._lock_file = None
+            raise VaultLockError(f"Failed to acquire lock: {e}") from e
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock.
+
+        Safe to call even if lock is not held.
+        """
+        if self._lock_file is not None:
+            try:
+                fcntl.flock(self._lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+                os.close(self._lock_file)
+            except OSError:
+                pass  # Ignore errors during cleanup
+            finally:
+                self._lock_file = None
+
+            # Remove lock file
+            try:
+                self.lock_path.unlink()
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def is_locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if vault is currently locked (by any process).
+
+        Returns:
+            True if locked, False otherwise
+        """
+        if not self.lock_path.exists():
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(str(self.lock_path), os.O_RDONLY)
+            try:
+                fcntl.flock(fd, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+                # We got the lock, so it wasn't locked
+                fcntl.flock(fd, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+                return False
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                # Lock is held
+                return True
+            finally:
+                os.close(fd)
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+
+    def get_owner_pid(self) -> int | None:
+        """Get PID of the process holding the lock.
+
+        Returns:
+            PID if lock file exists and contains valid PID, None otherwise
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.lock_path.read_text().strip()
+            return int(content)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "VaultLock":
+        """Context manager entry."""
+        if not self.acquire():
+            raise VaultLockError("Vault is already locked by another process")
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+        """Context manager exit."""
+        self.release()
diff --git a/src/core/manifest.py b/src/core/manifest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..710b21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/manifest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+"""Manifest dataclass for vault metadata."""
+
+import json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from src.core.file_entry import FileEntry
+
+
+LocationStatus = Literal["active", "unreachable"]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Location:
+    """Represents a vault replica location.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: Absolute path to the .vault file
+        last_seen: Last time this location was accessible
+        status: Current status (active/unreachable)
+    """
+
+    path: str
+    last_seen: datetime
+    status: LocationStatus = "active"
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """Convert to dictionary for JSON serialization."""
+        return {
+            "path": self.path,
+            "last_seen": self.last_seen.isoformat(),
+            "status": self.status,
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> "Location":
+        """Create Location from dictionary."""
+        return cls(
+            path=data["path"],
+            last_seen=datetime.fromisoformat(data["last_seen"]),
+            status=data["status"],
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Manifest:
+    """Vault manifest containing all metadata.
+
+    This is stored as .vault/manifest.json inside each vault image.
+
+    Attributes:
+        vault_id: Unique identifier for the vault (UUID)
+        vault_name: Human-readable name
+        version: Manifest format version
+        created: Creation timestamp
+        last_modified: Last modification timestamp
+        image_size_mb: Size of the vault image in MB
+        locations: List of all replica locations
+        files: List of all files in the vault
+    """
+
+    vault_id: str
+    vault_name: str
+    image_size_mb: int
+    created: datetime
+    last_modified: datetime
+    version: int = 1
+    locations: list[Location] = field(default_factory=list)
+    files: list[FileEntry] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_new(cls, vault_name: str, image_size_mb: int, location_path: str) -> "Manifest":
+        """Create a new manifest for a fresh vault.
+
+        Args:
+            vault_name: Human-readable name for the vault
+            image_size_mb: Size of the vault image in MB
+            location_path: Path to the first .vault file
+
+        Returns:
+            New Manifest instance
+        """
+        now = datetime.now()
+        resolved = str(Path(location_path).resolve())
+        return cls(
+            vault_id=str(uuid4()),
+            vault_name=vault_name,
+            image_size_mb=image_size_mb,
+            created=now,
+            last_modified=now,
+            locations=[Location(path=resolved, last_seen=now, status="active")],
+            files=[],
+        )
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """Convert to dictionary for JSON serialization."""
+        return {
+            "vault_id": self.vault_id,
+            "vault_name": self.vault_name,
+            "version": self.version,
+            "created": self.created.isoformat(),
+            "last_modified": self.last_modified.isoformat(),
+            "image_size_mb": self.image_size_mb,
+            "locations": [loc.to_dict() for loc in self.locations],
+            "files": [f.to_dict() for f in self.files],
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> "Manifest":
+        """Create Manifest from dictionary."""
+        return cls(
+            vault_id=data["vault_id"],
+            vault_name=data["vault_name"],
+            version=data["version"],
+            created=datetime.fromisoformat(data["created"]),
+            last_modified=datetime.fromisoformat(data["last_modified"]),
+            image_size_mb=data["image_size_mb"],
+            locations=[Location.from_dict(loc) for loc in data["locations"]],
+            files=[FileEntry.from_dict(f) for f in data["files"]],
+        )
+
+    def save(self, mount_point: Path) -> None:
+        """Save manifest to .vault/manifest.json.
+
+        Args:
+            mount_point: Path where the vault is mounted
+        """
+        vault_dir = mount_point / ".vault"
+        vault_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+
+        manifest_path = vault_dir / "manifest.json"
+        with open(manifest_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            json.dump(self.to_dict(), f, indent=2)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, mount_point: Path) -> "Manifest":
+        """Load manifest from .vault/manifest.json.
+
+        Args:
+            mount_point: Path where the vault is mounted
+
+        Returns:
+            Loaded Manifest instance
+
+        Raises:
+            FileNotFoundError: If manifest doesn't exist
+        """
+        manifest_path = mount_point / ".vault" / "manifest.json"
+        with open(manifest_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+        return cls.from_dict(data)
+
+    def add_location(self, path: str) -> None:
+        """Add a new replica location.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Absolute path to the .vault file
+        """
+        resolved = str(Path(path).resolve())
+        # Don't add duplicate locations
+        for loc in self.locations:
+            if str(Path(loc.path).resolve()) == resolved:
+                loc.status = "active"
+                loc.last_seen = datetime.now()
+                self.last_modified = datetime.now()
+                return
+
+        self.locations.append(
+            Location(path=resolved, last_seen=datetime.now(), status="active")
+        )
+        self.last_modified = datetime.now()
+
+    def update_location_status(self, path: str, status: LocationStatus) -> None:
+        """Update status of a location.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Path to the location
+            status: New status
+        """
+        resolved = str(Path(path).resolve())
+        for loc in self.locations:
+            if str(Path(loc.path).resolve()) == resolved:
+                loc.status = status
+                if status == "active":
+                    loc.last_seen = datetime.now()
+                break
+        self.last_modified = datetime.now()
+
+    def add_file(self, file_entry: FileEntry) -> None:
+        """Add or update a file entry.
+
+        Args:
+            file_entry: File entry to add/update
+        """
+        # Remove existing entry with same path
+        self.files = [f for f in self.files if f.path != file_entry.path]
+        self.files.append(file_entry)
+        self.last_modified = datetime.now()
+
+    def add_file_from_path(self, base_path: Path, file_path: Path) -> FileEntry:
+        """Add a file entry from a file path.
+
+        Args:
+            base_path: Base path (mount point) for relative path calculation
+            file_path: Absolute path to the file
+
+        Returns:
+            The created FileEntry
+        """
+        entry = FileEntry.from_path(base_path, file_path)
+        self.add_file(entry)
+        return entry
+
+    def remove_file(self, path: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a file entry by path.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Relative path of the file to remove
+        """
+        self.files = [f for f in self.files if f.path != path]
+        self.last_modified = datetime.now()
+
+    def get_file(self, path: str) -> FileEntry | None:
+        """Get file entry by path.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Relative path of the file
+
+        Returns:
+            FileEntry if found, None otherwise
+        """
+        for f in self.files:
+            if f.path == path:
+                return f
+        return None
diff --git a/src/core/sync_manager.py b/src/core/sync_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67fa1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/sync_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+"""Synchronization manager for coordinating changes between replicas.
+
+Handles:
+- Change detection via file watcher
+- Propagation of changes to all replicas
+- Manifest comparison and sync on reconnect
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from src.core.file_sync import (
+    ProgressCallback,
+    copy_file_with_progress,
+    delete_directory,
+    delete_file,
+    move_file,
+)
+from src.core.file_watcher import EventType, FileEvent, FileWatcher
+from src.core.manifest import Manifest
+
+
+class SyncStatus(Enum):
+    """Status of synchronization."""
+
+    IDLE = "idle"
+    SYNCING = "syncing"
+    ERROR = "error"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SyncEvent:
+    """Event describing a sync operation."""
+
+    event_type: EventType
+    relative_path: str
+    source_mount: Path
+    target_mounts: list[Path]
+    success: bool = True
+    error: str | None = None
+
+
+# Type alias for sync event callbacks
+SyncEventCallback = Callable[[SyncEvent], None]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReplicaMount:
+    """Represents a mounted replica."""
+
+    mount_point: Path
+    image_path: Path
+    is_primary: bool = False
+
+    def get_file_path(self, relative_path: str) -> Path:
+        """Get full path for a relative file path."""
+        return self.mount_point / relative_path
+
+
+class SyncManager:
+    """Manages synchronization between multiple vault replicas."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        on_sync_event: SyncEventCallback | None = None,
+        on_progress: ProgressCallback | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._replicas: list[ReplicaMount] = []
+        self._primary: ReplicaMount | None = None
+        self._watcher: FileWatcher | None = None
+        self._status = SyncStatus.IDLE
+        self._on_sync_event = on_sync_event
+        self._on_progress = on_progress
+        self._paused = False
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> SyncStatus:
+        """Get current sync status."""
+        return self._status
+
+    @property
+    def replica_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get number of registered replicas."""
+        return len(self._replicas)
+
+    @property
+    def primary_mount(self) -> Path | None:
+        """Get primary mount point."""
+        return self._primary.mount_point if self._primary else None
+
+    def add_replica(
+        self,
+        mount_point: Path,
+        image_path: Path,
+        is_primary: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a replica to the sync manager.
+
+        Args:
+            mount_point: Path where replica is mounted
+            image_path: Path to the .vault image file
+            is_primary: If True, this is the primary replica (user-facing)
+        """
+        replica = ReplicaMount(
+            mount_point=mount_point,
+            image_path=image_path,
+            is_primary=is_primary,
+        )
+        self._replicas.append(replica)
+
+        if is_primary:
+            if self._primary is not None:
+                logger.warning("Replacing existing primary replica")
+            self._primary = replica
+            logger.info(f"Primary replica set: {mount_point}")
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"Secondary replica added: {mount_point}")
+
+    def remove_replica(self, mount_point: Path) -> bool:
+        """Remove a replica from the sync manager.
+
+        Args:
+            mount_point: Mount point of replica to remove
+
+        Returns:
+            True if replica was removed, False if not found
+        """
+        for i, replica in enumerate(self._replicas):
+            if replica.mount_point == mount_point:
+                if replica.is_primary:
+                    self._primary = None
+                    self.stop_watching()
+                del self._replicas[i]
+                logger.info(f"Replica removed: {mount_point}")
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def start_watching(self) -> None:
+        """Start watching the primary replica for changes."""
+        if self._primary is None:
+            raise ValueError("No primary replica set")
+
+        if self._watcher is not None:
+            logger.warning("Watcher already running")
+            return
+
+        self._watcher = FileWatcher(
+            watch_path=self._primary.mount_point,
+            callback=self._handle_file_event,
+            ignore_patterns=[".vault"],
+        )
+        self._watcher.start()
+        logger.info(f"Started watching: {self._primary.mount_point}")
+
+    def stop_watching(self) -> None:
+        """Stop watching for changes."""
+        if self._watcher is not None:
+            self._watcher.stop()
+            self._watcher = None
+            logger.info("Stopped watching")
+
+    def pause_sync(self) -> None:
+        """Temporarily pause synchronization."""
+        self._paused = True
+        logger.debug("Sync paused")
+
+    def resume_sync(self) -> None:
+        """Resume synchronization."""
+        self._paused = False
+        logger.debug("Sync resumed")
+
+    def _handle_file_event(self, event: FileEvent) -> None:
+        """Handle a file system event from the watcher."""
+        if self._paused:
+            logger.debug(f"Sync paused, ignoring event: {event}")
+            return
+
+        logger.debug(f"Handling event: {event}")
+
+        try:
+            self._status = SyncStatus.SYNCING
+
+            if event.event_type == EventType.CREATED:
+                self._propagate_create(event)
+            elif event.event_type == EventType.MODIFIED:
+                self._propagate_modify(event)
+            elif event.event_type == EventType.DELETED:
+                self._propagate_delete(event)
+            elif event.event_type == EventType.MOVED:
+                self._propagate_move(event)
+
+            self._status = SyncStatus.IDLE
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error handling event {event}: {e}")
+            self._status = SyncStatus.ERROR
+            self._emit_sync_event(
+                event.event_type,
+                event.path,
+                [],
+                success=False,
+                error=str(e),
+            )
+
+    def _get_secondary_replicas(self) -> list[ReplicaMount]:
+        """Get all non-primary replicas."""
+        return [r for r in self._replicas if not r.is_primary]
+
+    def _propagate_create(self, event: FileEvent) -> None:
+        """Propagate file/directory creation to all replicas."""
+        if self._primary is None:
+            return
+
+        src_path = self._primary.get_file_path(event.path)
+        target_mounts: list[Path] = []
+
+        for replica in self._get_secondary_replicas():
+            dst_path = replica.get_file_path(event.path)
+            try:
+                if event.is_directory:
+                    dst_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                else:
+                    copy_file_with_progress(src_path, dst_path, self._on_progress)
+                target_mounts.append(replica.mount_point)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to propagate create to {replica.mount_point}: {e}")
+
+        self._emit_sync_event(EventType.CREATED, event.path, target_mounts)
+
+    def _propagate_modify(self, event: FileEvent) -> None:
+        """Propagate file modification to all replicas."""
+        if self._primary is None:
+            return
+
+        src_path = self._primary.get_file_path(event.path)
+        target_mounts: list[Path] = []
+
+        # Skip if source doesn't exist (might have been deleted quickly after modify)
+        if not src_path.exists():
+            logger.debug(f"Source no longer exists, skipping modify: {event.path}")
+            return
+
+        for replica in self._get_secondary_replicas():
+            dst_path = replica.get_file_path(event.path)
+            try:
+                copy_file_with_progress(src_path, dst_path, self._on_progress)
+                target_mounts.append(replica.mount_point)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to propagate modify to {replica.mount_point}: {e}")
+
+        self._emit_sync_event(EventType.MODIFIED, event.path, target_mounts)
+
+    def _propagate_delete(self, event: FileEvent) -> None:
+        """Propagate file/directory deletion to all replicas."""
+        target_mounts: list[Path] = []
+
+        for replica in self._get_secondary_replicas():
+            dst_path = replica.get_file_path(event.path)
+            try:
+                if dst_path.exists():
+                    if dst_path.is_dir():
+                        delete_directory(dst_path)
+                    else:
+                        delete_file(dst_path)
+                    target_mounts.append(replica.mount_point)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to propagate delete to {replica.mount_point}: {e}")
+
+        self._emit_sync_event(EventType.DELETED, event.path, target_mounts)
+
+    def _propagate_move(self, event: FileEvent) -> None:
+        """Propagate file/directory move to all replicas."""
+        if event.dest_path is None:
+            logger.warning(f"Move event without dest_path: {event}")
+            return
+
+        target_mounts: list[Path] = []
+
+        for replica in self._get_secondary_replicas():
+            src_path = replica.get_file_path(event.path)
+            dst_path = replica.get_file_path(event.dest_path)
+            try:
+                if src_path.exists():
+                    move_file(src_path, dst_path)
+                    target_mounts.append(replica.mount_point)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to propagate move to {replica.mount_point}: {e}")
+
+        self._emit_sync_event(EventType.MOVED, event.path, target_mounts)
+
+    def _emit_sync_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: EventType,
+        path: str,
+        target_mounts: list[Path],
+        success: bool = True,
+        error: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit a sync event to the callback."""
+        if self._on_sync_event is None or self._primary is None:
+            return
+
+        sync_event = SyncEvent(
+            event_type=event_type,
+            relative_path=path,
+            source_mount=self._primary.mount_point,
+            target_mounts=target_mounts,
+            success=success,
+            error=error,
+        )
+        self._on_sync_event(sync_event)
+
+    def sync_from_manifest(
+        self,
+        source_manifest: Manifest,
+        target_mount: Path,
+        target_manifest: Manifest,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Synchronize files based on manifest comparison.
+
+        Compares two manifests and syncs files from source to target
+        based on timestamps (newer wins).
+
+        Args:
+            source_manifest: Manifest of source replica
+            target_mount: Mount point of target replica
+            target_manifest: Manifest of target replica
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of files synchronized
+        """
+        if self._primary is None:
+            raise ValueError("No primary replica set")
+
+        synced_count = 0
+
+        # Build lookup of target files
+        target_files = {f.path: f for f in target_manifest.files}
+
+        for source_file in source_manifest.files:
+            target_file = target_files.get(source_file.path)
+
+            should_copy = False
+            if target_file is None:
+                # File doesn't exist in target
+                should_copy = True
+                logger.debug(f"File missing in target: {source_file.path}")
+            elif source_file.is_newer_than(target_file):
+                # Source file is newer
+                should_copy = True
+                logger.debug(f"Source file newer: {source_file.path}")
+
+            if should_copy:
+                src_path = self._primary.get_file_path(source_file.path)
+                dst_path = target_mount / source_file.path
+
+                try:
+                    copy_file_with_progress(src_path, dst_path, self._on_progress)
+                    synced_count += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to sync {source_file.path}: {e}")
+
+        # Check for files in target that don't exist in source (deletions)
+        source_files = {f.path for f in source_manifest.files}
+        for target_file in target_manifest.files:
+            if target_file.path not in source_files:
+                # File was deleted in source
+                dst_path = target_mount / target_file.path
+                try:
+                    if dst_path.exists():
+                        delete_file(dst_path)
+                        synced_count += 1
+                        logger.debug(f"Deleted from target: {target_file.path}")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to delete {target_file.path}: {e}")
+
+        return synced_count
+
+    def full_sync(self) -> dict[Path, int]:
+        """Perform full synchronization across all replicas.
+
+        Syncs from primary to all secondary replicas based on manifests.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping mount points to number of files synced
+        """
+        if self._primary is None:
+            raise ValueError("No primary replica set")
+
+        results: dict[Path, int] = {}
+
+        # Load primary manifest
+        try:
+            primary_manifest = Manifest.load(self._primary.mount_point)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            logger.warning("Primary manifest not found, creating empty manifest")
+            primary_manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+                vault_name="Vault",
+                image_size_mb=0,
+                location_path=str(self._primary.image_path),
+            )
+
+        # Sync to each secondary
+        for replica in self._get_secondary_replicas():
+            try:
+                target_manifest = Manifest.load(replica.mount_point)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                logger.warning(f"Target manifest not found: {replica.mount_point}")
+                target_manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+                    vault_name="Vault",
+                    image_size_mb=0,
+                    location_path=str(replica.image_path),
+                )
+
+            synced = self.sync_from_manifest(
+                primary_manifest,
+                replica.mount_point,
+                target_manifest,
+            )
+            results[replica.mount_point] = synced
+            logger.info(f"Synced {synced} files to {replica.mount_point}")
+
+        return results
diff --git a/src/core/vault.py b/src/core/vault.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab033a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/vault.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+"""Main Vault class for managing multiple container replicas.
+
+This is the primary interface for working with a vault - it handles:
+- Opening/closing vaults with multiple replicas
+- Coordinating mounting of all containers
+- Setting up synchronization between replicas
+- Lock management for exclusive access
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from src.core.container import Container, ContainerError
+from src.core.file_sync import ProgressCallback
+from src.core.lock import VaultLock
+from src.core.manifest import Manifest
+from src.core.sync_manager import SyncEventCallback, SyncManager, SyncStatus
+
+
+class VaultState(Enum):
+    """State of a vault."""
+
+    CLOSED = "closed"
+    OPENING = "opening"
+    OPEN = "open"
+    SYNCING = "syncing"
+    ERROR = "error"
+
+
+class VaultError(Exception):
+    """Raised when vault operation fails."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReplicaInfo:
+    """Information about a replica."""
+
+    image_path: Path
+    mount_point: Path | None = None
+    is_primary: bool = False
+    is_mounted: bool = False
+    error: str | None = None
+
+
+class Vault:
+    """Manages a vault with multiple replicas.
+
+    A vault consists of:
+    - One primary container (user-facing mount point)
+    - Zero or more secondary containers (internal sync targets)
+    - A sync manager for propagating changes
+
+    Example usage:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open("/path/to/primary.vault", "/home/user/Vault")
+        vault.add_replica("/path/to/backup.vault")
+        # ... user works with files in /home/user/Vault ...
+        vault.close()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        on_state_change: "Callable[[VaultState], None] | None" = None,
+        on_sync_event: SyncEventCallback | None = None,
+        on_progress: ProgressCallback | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = VaultState.CLOSED
+        self._primary_container: Container | None = None
+        self._secondary_containers: list[Container] = []
+        self._sync_manager: SyncManager | None = None
+        self._lock: VaultLock | None = None
+        self._manifest: Manifest | None = None
+
+        self._on_state_change = on_state_change
+        self._on_sync_event = on_sync_event
+        self._on_progress = on_progress
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> VaultState:
+        """Get current vault state."""
+        return self._state
+
+    @property
+    def is_open(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if vault is open."""
+        return self._state == VaultState.OPEN or self._state == VaultState.SYNCING
+
+    @property
+    def mount_point(self) -> Path | None:
+        """Get primary mount point."""
+        if self._primary_container and self._primary_container.is_mounted():
+            return self._primary_container.mount_point
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def manifest(self) -> Manifest | None:
+        """Get current manifest."""
+        return self._manifest
+
+    @property
+    def replica_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get total number of replicas (primary + secondary)."""
+        count = 1 if self._primary_container else 0
+        return count + len(self._secondary_containers)
+
+    @property
+    def sync_status(self) -> SyncStatus:
+        """Get current sync status."""
+        if self._sync_manager:
+            return self._sync_manager.status
+        return SyncStatus.IDLE
+
+    def _set_state(self, state: VaultState) -> None:
+        """Update state and notify callback."""
+        self._state = state
+        if self._on_state_change:
+            self._on_state_change(state)
+
+    def open(self, image_path: Path, mount_point: Path | None = None) -> Path:
+        """Open a vault from a .vault image.
+
+        Args:
+            image_path: Path to the primary .vault file
+            mount_point: Optional custom mount point
+
+        Returns:
+            Path where vault is mounted
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultError: If opening fails
+        """
+        if self.is_open:
+            raise VaultError("Vault is already open")
+
+        self._set_state(VaultState.OPENING)
+        image_path = Path(image_path).resolve()
+
+        try:
+            # Acquire lock
+            lock_path = image_path.parent / f".{image_path.stem}.lock"
+            self._lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+            if not self._lock.acquire():
+                raise VaultError(f"Vault is locked by another process (PID: {self._lock.get_owner_pid()})")
+
+            # Create and mount primary container
+            self._primary_container = Container(image_path)
+            actual_mount = self._primary_container.mount(mount_point)
+
+            # Initialize sync manager
+            self._sync_manager = SyncManager(
+                on_sync_event=self._on_sync_event,
+                on_progress=self._on_progress,
+            )
+            self._sync_manager.add_replica(
+                actual_mount,
+                image_path,
+                is_primary=True,
+            )
+
+            # Load or create manifest
+            try:
+                self._manifest = Manifest.load(actual_mount)
+                logger.info(f"Loaded manifest: {self._manifest.vault_name}")
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                logger.warning("No manifest found, creating new one")
+                self._manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+                    vault_name=image_path.stem,
+                    image_size_mb=0,  # TODO: get actual size
+                    location_path=str(image_path),
+                )
+                self._manifest.save(actual_mount)
+
+            # Try to mount secondary replicas from manifest
+            self._mount_secondary_replicas()
+
+            # Start file watching
+            self._sync_manager.start_watching()
+
+            self._set_state(VaultState.OPEN)
+            logger.info(f"Vault opened: {self._manifest.vault_name}")
+            return actual_mount
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._cleanup()
+            self._set_state(VaultState.ERROR)
+            raise VaultError(f"Failed to open vault: {e}") from e
+
+    def _mount_secondary_replicas(self) -> None:
+        """Try to mount secondary replicas from manifest locations."""
+        if not self._manifest or not self._sync_manager:
+            return
+
+        for location in self._manifest.locations:
+            location_path = Path(location.path)
+
+            # Skip primary (already mounted) - resolve both for consistent comparison
+            if self._primary_container and location_path.resolve() == self._primary_container.image_path.resolve():
+                continue
+
+            # Try to mount if available
+            if location_path.exists():
+                try:
+                    container = Container(location_path)
+                    mount = container.mount()
+                    self._secondary_containers.append(container)
+                    self._sync_manager.add_replica(mount, location_path)
+                    self._manifest.update_location_status(str(location_path), "active")
+                    logger.info(f"Secondary replica mounted: {location_path}")
+                except ContainerError as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"Failed to mount secondary replica {location_path}: {e}")
+                    self._manifest.update_location_status(str(location_path), "unreachable")
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Secondary replica not available: {location_path}")
+                self._manifest.update_location_status(str(location_path), "unreachable")
+
+    def check_replica_availability(self) -> dict[str, bool]:
+        """Check availability of all replica locations.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping location paths to availability status
+        """
+        if not self._manifest:
+            return {}
+
+        result: dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+        for location in self._manifest.locations:
+            location_path = Path(location.path)
+            is_available = location_path.exists()
+            result[location.path] = is_available
+
+            # Update manifest status
+            if is_available and location.status == "unreachable":
+                self._manifest.update_location_status(location.path, "active")
+            elif not is_available and location.status == "active":
+                self._manifest.update_location_status(location.path, "unreachable")
+
+        return result
+
+    def reconnect_unavailable_replicas(self) -> int:
+        """Try to reconnect replicas that were previously unavailable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of replicas successfully reconnected
+        """
+        if not self._manifest or not self._sync_manager or not self._primary_container:
+            return 0
+
+        reconnected = 0
+
+        # Get currently mounted paths (resolved for consistent comparison)
+        mounted_paths = {self._primary_container.image_path.resolve()}
+        for container in self._secondary_containers:
+            mounted_paths.add(container.image_path.resolve())
+
+        for location in self._manifest.locations:
+            location_path = Path(location.path)
+
+            # Skip if already mounted
+            if location_path.resolve() in mounted_paths:
+                continue
+
+            # Try to mount if now available
+            if location_path.exists():
+                try:
+                    container = Container(location_path)
+                    mount = container.mount()
+                    self._secondary_containers.append(container)
+                    self._sync_manager.add_replica(mount, location_path)
+                    self._manifest.update_location_status(location.path, "active")
+
+                    # Sync to newly connected replica
+                    self._scan_and_update_manifest()
+                    self._sync_manager.full_sync()
+
+                    logger.info(f"Reconnected replica: {location_path}")
+                    reconnected += 1
+
+                except ContainerError as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"Failed to reconnect replica {location_path}: {e}")
+
+        return reconnected
+
+    def get_unavailable_replicas(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Get list of unavailable replica paths.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of paths to unavailable replicas
+        """
+        if not self._manifest or not self._primary_container:
+            return []
+
+        mounted_paths = {str(self._primary_container.image_path.resolve())}
+        for container in self._secondary_containers:
+            mounted_paths.add(str(container.image_path.resolve()))
+
+        unavailable = []
+        for location in self._manifest.locations:
+            if str(Path(location.path).resolve()) not in mounted_paths:
+                unavailable.append(location.path)
+
+        return unavailable
+
+    def add_replica(self, image_path: Path) -> Path:
+        """Add a new replica to the vault.
+
+        Creates a new .vault image and syncs all content from primary.
+
+        Args:
+            image_path: Path where to create new .vault file
+
+        Returns:
+            Mount point of new replica
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultError: If adding replica fails
+        """
+        if not self.is_open:
+            raise VaultError("Vault must be open to add replica")
+
+        if not self._sync_manager or not self._primary_container or not self._manifest:
+            raise VaultError("Vault not properly initialized")
+
+        image_path = Path(image_path).resolve()
+
+        try:
+            # Create new container with same settings as primary
+            from src.core.image_manager import create_sparse_image
+
+            # Get primary size
+            primary_size = self._manifest.image_size_mb
+            if primary_size == 0:
+                # Estimate from primary image file size
+                primary_size = int(self._primary_container.image_path.stat().st_size / (1024 * 1024))
+
+            create_sparse_image(image_path, primary_size)
+
+            # Mount new container
+            container = Container(image_path)
+            mount = container.mount()
+
+            # Create vault directory and save manifest copy
+            (mount / ".vault").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+            self._manifest.add_location(str(image_path))
+            self._manifest.save(mount)
+
+            # Register with sync manager
+            self._secondary_containers.append(container)
+            self._sync_manager.add_replica(mount, image_path)
+
+            # Update manifest with actual files before sync
+            self._scan_and_update_manifest()
+
+            # Perform full sync to new replica
+            self._set_state(VaultState.SYNCING)
+            self._sync_manager.full_sync()
+            self._set_state(VaultState.OPEN)
+
+            # Save updated manifest to all replicas
+            self._save_manifest_to_all()
+
+            logger.info(f"Replica added: {image_path}")
+            return mount
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise VaultError(f"Failed to add replica: {e}") from e
+
+    def remove_replica(self, image_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Remove a replica from the vault.
+
+        Unmounts and removes from manifest, but doesn't delete the file.
+
+        Args:
+            image_path: Path to the replica to remove
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultError: If removing fails
+        """
+        if not self.is_open:
+            raise VaultError("Vault must be open to remove replica")
+
+        image_path = Path(image_path).resolve()
+
+        # Can't remove primary
+        if self._primary_container and image_path == self._primary_container.image_path.resolve():
+            raise VaultError("Cannot remove primary replica")
+
+        # Find and unmount secondary
+        for i, container in enumerate(self._secondary_containers):
+            if container.image_path.resolve() == image_path:
+                if self._sync_manager:
+                    self._sync_manager.remove_replica(container.mount_point)  # type: ignore
+                container.unmount()
+                del self._secondary_containers[i]
+
+                # Update manifest
+                if self._manifest:
+                    self._manifest.locations = [
+                        loc for loc in self._manifest.locations if loc.path != str(image_path)
+                    ]
+                    self._save_manifest_to_all()
+
+                logger.info(f"Replica removed: {image_path}")
+                return
+
+        raise VaultError(f"Replica not found: {image_path}")
+
+    def get_replicas(self) -> list[ReplicaInfo]:
+        """Get information about all replicas.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of ReplicaInfo for all replicas
+        """
+        replicas = []
+
+        if self._primary_container:
+            replicas.append(ReplicaInfo(
+                image_path=self._primary_container.image_path,
+                mount_point=self._primary_container.mount_point,
+                is_primary=True,
+                is_mounted=self._primary_container.is_mounted(),
+            ))
+
+        for container in self._secondary_containers:
+            replicas.append(ReplicaInfo(
+                image_path=container.image_path,
+                mount_point=container.mount_point,
+                is_primary=False,
+                is_mounted=container.is_mounted(),
+            ))
+
+        return replicas
+
+    def _scan_and_update_manifest(self) -> None:
+        """Scan primary mount point and update manifest with actual files."""
+        if not self._manifest or not self._primary_container or not self._primary_container.mount_point:
+            return
+
+        mount_point = self._primary_container.mount_point
+
+        # Walk through all files in mount point
+        for file_path in mount_point.rglob("*"):
+            # Skip directories and .vault directory
+            if file_path.is_dir():
+                continue
+            if ".vault" in file_path.parts:
+                continue
+
+            # Add or update file in manifest
+            self._manifest.add_file_from_path(mount_point, file_path)
+
+        logger.debug(f"Manifest updated with {len(self._manifest.files)} files")
+
+        # Save manifest so full_sync can load it
+        self._manifest.save(mount_point)
+
+    def sync(self) -> None:
+        """Manually trigger full synchronization.
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultError: If sync fails
+        """
+        if not self.is_open or not self._sync_manager:
+            raise VaultError("Vault must be open to sync")
+
+        self._set_state(VaultState.SYNCING)
+        try:
+            self._sync_manager.full_sync()
+        finally:
+            self._set_state(VaultState.OPEN)
+
+    def get_space_info(self) -> dict[str, int | float] | None:
+        """Get disk space information for the vault.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with total, used, free space in bytes, or None if not open
+        """
+        if not self.is_open or not self._primary_container or not self._primary_container.mount_point:
+            return None
+
+        import shutil
+
+        usage = shutil.disk_usage(self._primary_container.mount_point)
+        return {
+            "total": usage.total,
+            "used": usage.used,
+            "free": usage.free,
+            "percent_used": (usage.used / usage.total * 100) if usage.total > 0 else 0.0,
+        }
+
+    def check_space_warning(self, threshold_percent: float = 90.0) -> bool:
+        """Check if vault space usage exceeds warning threshold.
+
+        Args:
+            threshold_percent: Warning threshold (default 90%)
+
+        Returns:
+            True if space usage exceeds threshold
+        """
+        info = self.get_space_info()
+        if info is None:
+            return False
+        return info["percent_used"] >= threshold_percent
+
+    def resize(self, new_size_mb: int) -> None:
+        """Resize the vault to a new size.
+
+        This requires temporarily unmounting and remounting all containers.
+
+        Args:
+            new_size_mb: New size in megabytes
+
+        Raises:
+            VaultError: If resize fails
+        """
+        if not self.is_open:
+            raise VaultError("Vault must be open to resize")
+
+        if not self._manifest:
+            raise VaultError("No manifest loaded")
+
+        from src.core.image_manager import resize_image
+
+        logger.info(f"Resizing vault to {new_size_mb} MB")
+
+        # Stop watching during resize
+        if self._sync_manager:
+            self._sync_manager.stop_watching()
+
+        try:
+            # Save manifest before unmounting
+            self._save_manifest_to_all()
+
+            # Unmount all containers
+            containers_to_remount: list[tuple[Path, bool]] = []
+
+            if self._primary_container and self._primary_container.is_mounted():
+                containers_to_remount.append((self._primary_container.image_path, True))
+                self._primary_container.unmount()
+
+            for container in self._secondary_containers:
+                if container.is_mounted():
+                    containers_to_remount.append((container.image_path, False))
+                    container.unmount()
+
+            # Resize all images
+            for image_path, _ in containers_to_remount:
+                try:
+                    resize_image(image_path, new_size_mb)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to resize {image_path}: {e}")
+
+            # Remount containers
+            self._secondary_containers.clear()
+            if self._sync_manager:
+                # Reset sync manager
+                self._sync_manager = SyncManager(
+                    on_sync_event=self._on_sync_event,
+                    on_progress=self._on_progress,
+                )
+
+            for image_path, is_primary in containers_to_remount:
+                try:
+                    container = Container(image_path)
+                    mount = container.mount()
+
+                    if is_primary:
+                        self._primary_container = container
+                        if self._sync_manager:
+                            self._sync_manager.add_replica(mount, image_path, is_primary=True)
+                    else:
+                        self._secondary_containers.append(container)
+                        if self._sync_manager:
+                            self._sync_manager.add_replica(mount, image_path)
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to remount {image_path}: {e}")
+
+            # Update manifest with new size
+            self._manifest.image_size_mb = new_size_mb
+            self._save_manifest_to_all()
+
+            # Restart watching
+            if self._sync_manager:
+                self._sync_manager.start_watching()
+
+            logger.info(f"Vault resized to {new_size_mb} MB")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise VaultError(f"Failed to resize vault: {e}") from e
+
+    def _save_manifest_to_all(self) -> None:
+        """Save manifest to all mounted replicas."""
+        if not self._manifest:
+            return
+
+        if self._primary_container and self._primary_container.mount_point:
+            self._manifest.save(self._primary_container.mount_point)
+
+        for container in self._secondary_containers:
+            if container.mount_point:
+                self._manifest.save(container.mount_point)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the vault.
+
+        Stops sync, saves manifest, unmounts all containers.
+        """
+        if not self.is_open:
+            return
+
+        logger.info("Closing vault...")
+
+        try:
+            # Stop watching
+            if self._sync_manager:
+                self._sync_manager.stop_watching()
+
+            # Save manifest to all replicas
+            self._save_manifest_to_all()
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error during vault close: {e}")
+
+        finally:
+            self._cleanup()
+            self._set_state(VaultState.CLOSED)
+            logger.info("Vault closed")
+
+    def _cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Clean up all resources."""
+        # Unmount secondary containers
+        for container in self._secondary_containers:
+            try:
+                if container.is_mounted():
+                    container.unmount()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error unmounting secondary: {e}")
+        self._secondary_containers.clear()
+
+        # Unmount primary
+        if self._primary_container:
+            try:
+                if self._primary_container.is_mounted():
+                    self._primary_container.unmount()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error unmounting primary: {e}")
+            self._primary_container = None
+
+        # Release lock
+        if self._lock:
+            self._lock.release()
+            self._lock = None
+
+        self._sync_manager = None
+        self._manifest = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Vault":
+        """Context manager - returns self (must call open() separately)."""
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+        """Context manager exit - close vault."""
+        self.close()
diff --git a/src/ui/__init__.py b/src/ui/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/__init__.py b/src/ui/dialogs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a54c55a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Dialog windows
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/manage_replicas.py b/src/ui/dialogs/manage_replicas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f875e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/manage_replicas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Replica management dialog."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog,
+    QHBoxLayout,
+    QHeaderView,
+    QLabel,
+    QMessageBox,
+    QPushButton,
+    QTableWidget,
+    QTableWidgetItem,
+    QVBoxLayout,
+    QWidget,
+)
+
+from src.core.vault import Vault
+
+
+class ManageReplicasDialog(QDialog):
+    """Dialog for managing vault replicas."""
+
+    def __init__(self, vault: Vault, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self._vault = vault
+        self.setWindowTitle("Spravovat repliky")
+        self.setMinimumSize(600, 400)
+        self._setup_ui()
+        self._refresh_list()
+
+    def _setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        """Set up dialog UI."""
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Header
+        header = QLabel(f"Repliky vault: {self._vault.manifest.vault_name if self._vault.manifest else 'Vault'}")
+        header.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; font-size: 14px;")
+        layout.addWidget(header)
+
+        # Replica table
+        self._table = QTableWidget()
+        self._table.setColumnCount(4)
+        self._table.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(["Cesta", "Typ", "Status", ""])
+        self._table.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(0, QHeaderView.ResizeMode.Stretch)
+        self._table.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(1, QHeaderView.ResizeMode.ResizeToContents)
+        self._table.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(2, QHeaderView.ResizeMode.ResizeToContents)
+        self._table.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(3, QHeaderView.ResizeMode.ResizeToContents)
+        self._table.setSelectionBehavior(QTableWidget.SelectionBehavior.SelectRows)
+        self._table.setEditTriggers(QTableWidget.EditTrigger.NoEditTriggers)
+        layout.addWidget(self._table)
+
+        # Buttons
+        btn_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+
+        refresh_btn = QPushButton("Obnovit")
+        refresh_btn.clicked.connect(self._refresh_list)
+        btn_layout.addWidget(refresh_btn)
+
+        btn_layout.addStretch()
+
+        close_btn = QPushButton("Zavřít")
+        close_btn.clicked.connect(self.accept)
+        btn_layout.addWidget(close_btn)
+
+        layout.addLayout(btn_layout)
+
+    def _refresh_list(self) -> None:
+        """Refresh the replica list."""
+        replicas = self._vault.get_replicas()
+        self._table.setRowCount(len(replicas))
+
+        for row, replica in enumerate(replicas):
+            # Path
+            path_item = QTableWidgetItem(str(replica.image_path))
+            path_item.setToolTip(str(replica.image_path))
+            self._table.setItem(row, 0, path_item)
+
+            # Type
+            type_text = "Primární" if replica.is_primary else "Sekundární"
+            type_item = QTableWidgetItem(type_text)
+            if replica.is_primary:
+                type_item.setForeground(Qt.GlobalColor.blue)
+            self._table.setItem(row, 1, type_item)
+
+            # Status
+            if replica.is_mounted:
+                status_text = "Připojeno"
+                status_item = QTableWidgetItem(status_text)
+                status_item.setForeground(Qt.GlobalColor.darkGreen)
+            else:
+                status_text = "Odpojeno"
+                status_item = QTableWidgetItem(status_text)
+                status_item.setForeground(Qt.GlobalColor.red)
+            self._table.setItem(row, 2, status_item)
+
+            # Remove button (only for secondary replicas)
+            if not replica.is_primary:
+                remove_btn = QPushButton("Odebrat")
+                remove_btn.clicked.connect(lambda checked, p=replica.image_path: self._remove_replica(p))
+                self._table.setCellWidget(row, 3, remove_btn)
+            else:
+                self._table.setItem(row, 3, QTableWidgetItem(""))
+
+    def _remove_replica(self, image_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Remove a replica after confirmation."""
+        reply = QMessageBox.question(
+            self,
+            "Odebrat repliku",
+            f"Opravdu chcete odebrat repliku?\n\n{image_path}\n\nSoubor nebude smazán, pouze odpojen.",
+            QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes | QMessageBox.StandardButton.No,
+            QMessageBox.StandardButton.No,
+        )
+
+        if reply == QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
+            try:
+                self._vault.remove_replica(image_path)
+                self._refresh_list()
+            except Exception as e:
+                QMessageBox.critical(
+                    self,
+                    "Chyba",
+                    f"Nepodařilo se odebrat repliku:\n{e}",
+                )
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/new_vault.py b/src/ui/dialogs/new_vault.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9416e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/new_vault.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""New vault creation dialog."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog,
+    QDialogButtonBox,
+    QFileDialog,
+    QFormLayout,
+    QHBoxLayout,
+    QLabel,
+    QLineEdit,
+    QPushButton,
+    QSpinBox,
+    QVBoxLayout,
+    QWidget,
+)
+
+
+class NewVaultDialog(QDialog):
+    """Dialog for creating a new vault."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.setWindowTitle("Vytvořit nový vault")
+        self.setMinimumWidth(450)
+        self._setup_ui()
+
+    def _setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        """Set up dialog UI."""
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Form layout for inputs
+        form = QFormLayout()
+
+        # Vault name
+        self._name_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self._name_edit.setPlaceholderText("Můj Vault")
+        form.addRow("Název:", self._name_edit)
+
+        # Path selection
+        path_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+        self._path_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self._path_edit.setPlaceholderText("/home/user/myvault.vault")
+        path_layout.addWidget(self._path_edit)
+
+        browse_btn = QPushButton("Procházet...")
+        browse_btn.clicked.connect(self._browse_path)
+        path_layout.addWidget(browse_btn)
+
+        form.addRow("Cesta:", path_layout)
+
+        # Size
+        size_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+        self._size_spin = QSpinBox()
+        self._size_spin.setMinimum(10)
+        self._size_spin.setMaximum(100000)  # 100 GB
+        self._size_spin.setValue(1024)  # Default 1 GB
+        self._size_spin.setSuffix(" MB")
+        size_layout.addWidget(self._size_spin)
+
+        # Quick size buttons
+        for size, label in [(100, "100 MB"), (1024, "1 GB"), (10240, "10 GB")]:
+            btn = QPushButton(label)
+            btn.clicked.connect(lambda checked, s=size: self._size_spin.setValue(s))
+            size_layout.addWidget(btn)
+
+        size_layout.addStretch()
+        form.addRow("Velikost:", size_layout)
+
+        layout.addLayout(form)
+
+        # Info label
+        info_label = QLabel(
+            "Vault bude vytvořen jako sparse soubor - zabere místo pouze pro skutečná data."
+        )
+        info_label.setWordWrap(True)
+        info_label.setStyleSheet("color: gray; font-size: 11px;")
+        layout.addWidget(info_label)
+
+        layout.addStretch()
+
+        # Buttons
+        buttons = QDialogButtonBox(
+            QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Ok | QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Cancel
+        )
+        buttons.accepted.connect(self._validate_and_accept)
+        buttons.rejected.connect(self.reject)
+        layout.addWidget(buttons)
+
+    def _browse_path(self) -> None:
+        """Open file dialog to select vault path."""
+        path, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+            self,
+            "Vyberte umístění pro vault",
+            str(Path.home()),
+            "Vault soubory (*.vault)",
+        )
+        if path:
+            if not path.endswith(".vault"):
+                path += ".vault"
+            self._path_edit.setText(path)
+
+            # Auto-fill name from filename if empty
+            if not self._name_edit.text():
+                self._name_edit.setText(Path(path).stem)
+
+    def _validate_and_accept(self) -> None:
+        """Validate inputs and accept dialog."""
+        if not self._name_edit.text().strip():
+            self._name_edit.setFocus()
+            return
+
+        if not self._path_edit.text().strip():
+            self._path_edit.setFocus()
+            return
+
+        path = Path(self._path_edit.text())
+        if path.exists():
+            # Could show warning dialog here
+            pass
+
+        self.accept()
+
+    def get_result(self) -> dict:
+        """Get dialog result.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with vault configuration
+        """
+        return {
+            "name": self._name_edit.text().strip(),
+            "path": self._path_edit.text().strip(),
+            "size_mb": self._size_spin.value(),
+        }
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/open_vault.py b/src/ui/dialogs/open_vault.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc2a419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/open_vault.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Open vault dialog."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog,
+    QDialogButtonBox,
+    QFileDialog,
+    QHBoxLayout,
+    QLabel,
+    QLineEdit,
+    QPushButton,
+    QVBoxLayout,
+    QWidget,
+)
+
+
+class OpenVaultDialog(QDialog):
+    """Dialog for opening an existing vault."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.setWindowTitle("Otevřít vault")
+        self.setMinimumWidth(400)
+        self._selected_path: str | None = None
+        self._setup_ui()
+
+    def _setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        """Set up dialog UI."""
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Instructions
+        label = QLabel("Vyberte .vault soubor k otevření:")
+        layout.addWidget(label)
+
+        # Path selection
+        path_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+        self._path_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self._path_edit.setPlaceholderText("/cesta/k/vault.vault")
+        path_layout.addWidget(self._path_edit)
+
+        browse_btn = QPushButton("Procházet...")
+        browse_btn.clicked.connect(self._browse_path)
+        path_layout.addWidget(browse_btn)
+
+        layout.addLayout(path_layout)
+
+        layout.addStretch()
+
+        # Buttons
+        buttons = QDialogButtonBox(
+            QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Ok | QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Cancel
+        )
+        buttons.accepted.connect(self._validate_and_accept)
+        buttons.rejected.connect(self.reject)
+        layout.addWidget(buttons)
+
+    def _browse_path(self) -> None:
+        """Open file dialog to select vault file."""
+        path, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
+            self,
+            "Vyberte vault soubor",
+            str(Path.home()),
+            "Vault soubory (*.vault);;Všechny soubory (*)",
+        )
+        if path:
+            self._path_edit.setText(path)
+
+    def _validate_and_accept(self) -> None:
+        """Validate inputs and accept dialog."""
+        path = self._path_edit.text().strip()
+        if not path:
+            self._path_edit.setFocus()
+            return
+
+        if not Path(path).exists():
+            # Could show error dialog
+            self._path_edit.setFocus()
+            return
+
+        self._selected_path = path
+        self.accept()
+
+    def get_selected_path(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get selected vault path.
+
+        Returns:
+            Path to selected vault file, or None
+        """
+        return self._selected_path
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/resize_vault.py b/src/ui/dialogs/resize_vault.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13ddf6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/resize_vault.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Resize vault dialog."""
+
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog,
+    QDialogButtonBox,
+    QFormLayout,
+    QLabel,
+    QMessageBox,
+    QSpinBox,
+    QVBoxLayout,
+    QWidget,
+)
+
+from src.core.vault import Vault
+
+
+class ResizeVaultDialog(QDialog):
+    """Dialog for resizing a vault."""
+
+    def __init__(self, vault: Vault, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self._vault = vault
+        self.setWindowTitle("Zvětšit vault")
+        self.setMinimumWidth(400)
+        self._new_size: int | None = None
+        self._setup_ui()
+
+    def _setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        """Set up dialog UI."""
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Current size info
+        manifest = self._vault.manifest
+        current_size = manifest.image_size_mb if manifest else 0
+
+        info_label = QLabel(f"Aktuální velikost: {current_size} MB ({current_size / 1024:.1f} GB)")
+        layout.addWidget(info_label)
+
+        # Get actual disk usage if mounted
+        if self._vault.mount_point:
+            import shutil
+            usage = shutil.disk_usage(self._vault.mount_point)
+            used_mb = usage.used // (1024 * 1024)
+            total_mb = usage.total // (1024 * 1024)
+            free_mb = usage.free // (1024 * 1024)
+            usage_label = QLabel(
+                f"Využito: {used_mb} MB / {total_mb} MB (volno: {free_mb} MB)"
+            )
+            layout.addWidget(usage_label)
+
+        # Form for new size
+        form = QFormLayout()
+
+        self._size_spin = QSpinBox()
+        self._size_spin.setMinimum(current_size + 100)  # At least 100 MB more
+        self._size_spin.setMaximum(500000)  # 500 GB max
+        self._size_spin.setValue(current_size * 2 if current_size > 0 else 2048)
+        self._size_spin.setSuffix(" MB")
+        self._size_spin.setSingleStep(1024)
+        form.addRow("Nová velikost:", self._size_spin)
+
+        layout.addLayout(form)
+
+        # Warning
+        warning_label = QLabel(
+            "Pozor: Zvětšení vault může chvíli trvat a vyžaduje dočasné odpojení.\n"
+            "Velikost lze pouze zvětšit, ne zmenšit."
+        )
+        warning_label.setStyleSheet("color: orange; font-size: 11px;")
+        warning_label.setWordWrap(True)
+        layout.addWidget(warning_label)
+
+        layout.addStretch()
+
+        # Buttons
+        buttons = QDialogButtonBox(
+            QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Ok | QDialogButtonBox.StandardButton.Cancel
+        )
+        buttons.accepted.connect(self._validate_and_accept)
+        buttons.rejected.connect(self.reject)
+        layout.addWidget(buttons)
+
+    def _validate_and_accept(self) -> None:
+        """Validate and accept dialog."""
+        manifest = self._vault.manifest
+        current_size = manifest.image_size_mb if manifest else 0
+        new_size = self._size_spin.value()
+
+        if new_size <= current_size:
+            QMessageBox.warning(
+                self,
+                "Neplatná velikost",
+                "Nová velikost musí být větší než aktuální.",
+            )
+            return
+
+        self._new_size = new_size
+        self.accept()
+
+    def get_new_size(self) -> int | None:
+        """Get the new size selected by user.
+
+        Returns:
+            New size in MB, or None if cancelled
+        """
+        return self._new_size
diff --git a/src/ui/dialogs/sync_progress.py b/src/ui/dialogs/sync_progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a363446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/dialogs/sync_progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""Sync progress dialog."""
+
+from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog,
+    QLabel,
+    QProgressBar,
+    QPushButton,
+    QTextEdit,
+    QVBoxLayout,
+    QWidget,
+)
+
+from src.core.file_sync import CopyProgress
+
+
+class SyncProgressDialog(QDialog):
+    """Dialog showing synchronization progress."""
+
+    # Signal emitted when cancel is requested
+    cancel_requested = Signal()
+
+    def __init__(self, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.setWindowTitle("Synchronizace")
+        self.setMinimumSize(450, 300)
+        self.setWindowFlags(self.windowFlags() & ~Qt.WindowType.WindowCloseButtonHint)
+        self._cancelled = False
+        self._setup_ui()
+
+    def _setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        """Set up dialog UI."""
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Status label
+        self._status_label = QLabel("Připravuji synchronizaci...")
+        self._status_label.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold;")
+        layout.addWidget(self._status_label)
+
+        # Current file label
+        self._file_label = QLabel("")
+        self._file_label.setWordWrap(True)
+        layout.addWidget(self._file_label)
+
+        # Progress bar
+        self._progress_bar = QProgressBar()
+        self._progress_bar.setRange(0, 100)
+        self._progress_bar.setValue(0)
+        layout.addWidget(self._progress_bar)
+
+        # Log area
+        self._log_area = QTextEdit()
+        self._log_area.setReadOnly(True)
+        self._log_area.setMaximumHeight(150)
+        layout.addWidget(self._log_area)
+
+        # Cancel button
+        self._cancel_btn = QPushButton("Zrušit")
+        self._cancel_btn.clicked.connect(self._on_cancel)
+        layout.addWidget(self._cancel_btn)
+
+    def set_status(self, status: str) -> None:
+        """Set the status message."""
+        self._status_label.setText(status)
+
+    def set_current_file(self, file_path: str) -> None:
+        """Set the current file being processed."""
+        self._file_label.setText(f"Soubor: {file_path}")
+
+    def set_progress(self, percent: float) -> None:
+        """Set the progress bar value."""
+        self._progress_bar.setValue(int(percent))
+
+    def add_log(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Add a message to the log."""
+        self._log_area.append(message)
+
+    def update_from_copy_progress(self, progress: CopyProgress) -> None:
+        """Update dialog from CopyProgress object."""
+        self.set_current_file(str(progress.src_path.name))
+        self.set_progress(progress.percent)
+
+    def set_complete(self, success: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Mark synchronization as complete."""
+        if success:
+            self._status_label.setText("Synchronizace dokončena")
+            self._progress_bar.setValue(100)
+        else:
+            self._status_label.setText("Synchronizace selhala")
+
+        self._cancel_btn.setText("Zavřít")
+        self._cancel_btn.clicked.disconnect()
+        self._cancel_btn.clicked.connect(self.accept)
+
+    def is_cancelled(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if sync was cancelled."""
+        return self._cancelled
+
+    def _on_cancel(self) -> None:
+        """Handle cancel button click."""
+        self._cancelled = True
+        self._status_label.setText("Rušení...")
+        self._cancel_btn.setEnabled(False)
+        self.cancel_requested.emit()
diff --git a/src/ui/notifications.py b/src/ui/notifications.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70e9979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/notifications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""System notifications for Vault."""
+
+import subprocess
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+
+class NotificationManager:
+    """Manages system notifications."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._app_name = "Vault"
+
+    def notify(
+        self,
+        title: str,
+        message: str,
+        critical: bool = False,
+        timeout_ms: int = 5000,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Show a system notification.
+
+        Args:
+            title: Notification title
+            message: Notification message
+            critical: If True, notification is marked as critical/urgent
+            timeout_ms: Timeout in milliseconds (0 = no timeout)
+        """
+        try:
+            # Use notify-send on Linux
+            cmd = [
+                "notify-send",
+                "--app-name", self._app_name,
+                "--expire-time", str(timeout_ms),
+            ]
+
+            if critical:
+                cmd.extend(["--urgency", "critical"])
+
+            cmd.append(title)
+            if message:
+                cmd.append(message)
+
+            subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
+            logger.debug(f"Notification sent: {title}")
+
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            logger.warning("notify-send not found, notification not shown")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to show notification: {e}")
diff --git a/src/ui/tray_app.py b/src/ui/tray_app.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b24df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/tray_app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+"""System tray application for Vault.
+
+Main entry point for the GUI application.
+"""
+
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from loguru import logger
+from PySide6.QtCore import QTimer
+from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMenu, QSystemTrayIcon
+
+from src.core.sync_manager import SyncStatus
+from src.core.vault import Vault, VaultError, VaultState
+from src.ui.dialogs.new_vault import NewVaultDialog
+from src.ui.dialogs.open_vault import OpenVaultDialog
+from src.ui.notifications import NotificationManager
+
+
+class VaultTrayApp:
+    """System tray application for managing Vault."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._app = QApplication(sys.argv)
+        self._app.setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(False)
+        self._app.setApplicationName("Vault")
+
+        self._vault = Vault(
+            on_state_change=self._on_vault_state_change,
+            on_sync_event=lambda e: self._on_sync_event(e),
+        )
+        self._notifications = NotificationManager()
+        self._space_warned = False
+
+        self._tray = QSystemTrayIcon()
+        self._setup_tray()
+
+        # Status check timer
+        self._status_timer = QTimer()
+        self._status_timer.timeout.connect(self._update_status)
+        self._status_timer.start(5000)  # Check every 5 seconds
+
+        # Replica availability check timer
+        self._replica_timer = QTimer()
+        self._replica_timer.timeout.connect(self._check_replica_availability)
+        self._replica_timer.start(30000)  # Check every 30 seconds
+
+        # Setup signal handlers for graceful shutdown
+        self._setup_signal_handlers()
+
+    def _setup_signal_handlers(self) -> None:
+        """Setup signal handlers for graceful shutdown."""
+        def signal_handler(signum: int, frame: object) -> None:
+            logger.info(f"Received signal {signum}, shutting down gracefully...")
+            self._quit()
+
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)
+
+        # Use a timer to allow signal processing in Qt event loop
+        self._signal_timer = QTimer()
+        self._signal_timer.timeout.connect(lambda: None)  # Keep event loop responsive
+        self._signal_timer.start(500)
+
+    def _setup_tray(self) -> None:
+        """Set up tray icon and menu."""
+        self._update_icon()
+        self._tray.setToolTip("Vault - Resilientní úložiště")
+
+        menu = QMenu()
+
+        # Status header
+        self._status_action = menu.addAction("Žádný vault otevřen")
+        self._status_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        menu.addSeparator()
+
+        # Open folder action
+        self._open_folder_action = menu.addAction("Otevřít složku")
+        self._open_folder_action.triggered.connect(self._open_folder)
+        self._open_folder_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        menu.addSeparator()
+
+        # Vault management
+        menu.addAction("Vytvořit nový vault...").triggered.connect(self._new_vault)
+        menu.addAction("Otevřít vault...").triggered.connect(self._open_vault)
+        self._close_action = menu.addAction("Zavřít vault")
+        self._close_action.triggered.connect(self._close_vault)
+        self._close_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        menu.addSeparator()
+
+        # Replica management
+        self._add_replica_action = menu.addAction("Přidat repliku...")
+        self._add_replica_action.triggered.connect(self._add_replica)
+        self._add_replica_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        self._manage_replicas_action = menu.addAction("Spravovat repliky...")
+        self._manage_replicas_action.triggered.connect(self._manage_replicas)
+        self._manage_replicas_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        menu.addSeparator()
+
+        # Sync action
+        self._sync_action = menu.addAction("Synchronizovat")
+        self._sync_action.triggered.connect(self._manual_sync)
+        self._sync_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        # Resize action
+        self._resize_action = menu.addAction("Zvětšit vault...")
+        self._resize_action.triggered.connect(self._resize_vault)
+        self._resize_action.setEnabled(False)
+
+        menu.addSeparator()
+
+        # Quit
+        menu.addAction("Ukončit").triggered.connect(self._quit)
+
+        self._tray.setContextMenu(menu)
+        self._tray.activated.connect(self._on_tray_activated)
+        self._tray.show()
+
+    def _update_icon(self) -> None:
+        """Update tray icon based on vault state."""
+        # Use built-in icons for now
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            # Gray - no vault open
+            icon = QIcon.fromTheme("folder-grey", QIcon.fromTheme("folder"))
+        elif self._vault.sync_status == SyncStatus.SYNCING:
+            # Blue - syncing
+            icon = QIcon.fromTheme("folder-sync", QIcon.fromTheme("folder-download"))
+        elif self._vault.sync_status == SyncStatus.ERROR:
+            # Red - error
+            icon = QIcon.fromTheme("folder-important", QIcon.fromTheme("dialog-error"))
+        elif self._vault.get_unavailable_replicas():
+            # Yellow - some replicas unavailable
+            icon = QIcon.fromTheme("folder-yellow", QIcon.fromTheme("folder-visiting"))
+        else:
+            # Green - all good
+            icon = QIcon.fromTheme("folder-green", QIcon.fromTheme("folder-open"))
+
+        self._tray.setIcon(icon)
+
+    def _update_status(self) -> None:
+        """Update status display."""
+        self._update_icon()
+
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            self._status_action.setText("Žádný vault otevřen")
+            self._open_folder_action.setEnabled(False)
+            self._close_action.setEnabled(False)
+            self._add_replica_action.setEnabled(False)
+            self._manage_replicas_action.setEnabled(False)
+            self._sync_action.setEnabled(False)
+            self._resize_action.setEnabled(False)
+        else:
+            manifest = self._vault.manifest
+            name = manifest.vault_name if manifest else "Vault"
+            replicas = self._vault.replica_count
+            unavailable = self._vault.get_unavailable_replicas()
+
+            if unavailable:
+                online = replicas
+                total = replicas + len(unavailable)
+                status_text = f"{name} ({online}/{total} replik online)"
+            else:
+                status_text = f"{name} ({replicas} replik{'a' if replicas == 1 else 'y' if replicas < 5 else ''})"
+
+            if self._vault.sync_status == SyncStatus.SYNCING:
+                status_text += " - synchronizace..."
+
+            self._status_action.setText(status_text)
+            self._open_folder_action.setEnabled(True)
+            self._close_action.setEnabled(True)
+            self._add_replica_action.setEnabled(True)
+            self._manage_replicas_action.setEnabled(True)
+            self._sync_action.setEnabled(True)
+            self._resize_action.setEnabled(True)
+
+            # Check space warning
+            if self._vault.check_space_warning(90.0):
+                space_info = self._vault.get_space_info()
+                if space_info:
+                    free_mb = space_info["free"] // (1024 * 1024)
+                    if not hasattr(self, "_space_warned") or not self._space_warned:
+                        self._notifications.notify(
+                            "Vault téměř plný",
+                            f"Zbývá pouze {free_mb} MB volného místa",
+                            critical=True,
+                        )
+                        self._space_warned = True
+            else:
+                self._space_warned = False
+
+    def _check_replica_availability(self) -> None:
+        """Check for replica availability and reconnect if possible."""
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            return
+
+        unavailable = self._vault.get_unavailable_replicas()
+        if unavailable:
+            # Try to reconnect
+            reconnected = self._vault.reconnect_unavailable_replicas()
+            if reconnected > 0:
+                self._notifications.notify(
+                    "Repliky připojeny",
+                    f"Připojeno {reconnected} replik{'a' if reconnected == 1 else 'y' if reconnected < 5 else ''}",
+                )
+                self._update_status()
+
+    def _on_vault_state_change(self, state: VaultState) -> None:
+        """Handle vault state change."""
+        logger.debug(f"Vault state changed: {state}")
+        self._update_status()
+
+        if state == VaultState.OPEN:
+            self._notifications.notify(
+                "Vault otevřen",
+                f"Mount point: {self._vault.mount_point}",
+            )
+        elif state == VaultState.CLOSED:
+            self._notifications.notify("Vault zavřen", "")
+        elif state == VaultState.ERROR:
+            self._notifications.notify("Chyba", "Nastala chyba při práci s vault", critical=True)
+
+    def _on_sync_event(self, event: object) -> None:
+        """Handle sync event."""
+        self._update_icon()
+
+    def _on_tray_activated(self, reason: QSystemTrayIcon.ActivationReason) -> None:
+        """Handle tray icon activation."""
+        if reason == QSystemTrayIcon.ActivationReason.DoubleClick:
+            self._open_folder()
+
+    def _open_folder(self) -> None:
+        """Open vault mount point in file manager."""
+        if not self._vault.is_open or not self._vault.mount_point:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # Try xdg-open (Linux)
+            subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", str(self._vault.mount_point)])
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to open folder: {e}")
+            self._notifications.notify("Chyba", f"Nepodařilo se otevřít složku: {e}", critical=True)
+
+    def _new_vault(self) -> None:
+        """Show new vault dialog."""
+        dialog = NewVaultDialog()
+        if dialog.exec():
+            result = dialog.get_result()
+            try:
+                from src.core.image_manager import create_sparse_image
+
+                image_path = Path(result["path"])
+                create_sparse_image(image_path, result["size_mb"])
+
+                mount = self._vault.open(image_path)
+
+                # Update manifest with user-provided name
+                if self._vault.manifest:
+                    self._vault.manifest.vault_name = result["name"]
+                    self._vault.manifest.image_size_mb = result["size_mb"]
+                    self._vault.manifest.save(mount)
+
+                self._update_status()
+                self._open_folder()
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to create vault: {e}")
+                self._notifications.notify("Chyba", f"Nepodařilo se vytvořit vault: {e}", critical=True)
+
+    def _open_vault(self) -> None:
+        """Show open vault dialog."""
+        dialog = OpenVaultDialog()
+        if dialog.exec():
+            vault_path = dialog.get_selected_path()
+            if vault_path:
+                try:
+                    self._vault.open(Path(vault_path))
+                    self._update_status()
+                    self._open_folder()
+                except VaultError as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to open vault: {e}")
+                    self._notifications.notify("Chyba", f"Nepodařilo se otevřít vault: {e}", critical=True)
+
+    def _close_vault(self) -> None:
+        """Close current vault."""
+        if self._vault.is_open:
+            self._vault.close()
+            self._update_status()
+
+    def _add_replica(self) -> None:
+        """Show add replica dialog."""
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            return
+
+        from PySide6.QtWidgets import QFileDialog
+
+        path, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+            None,
+            "Vyberte umístění pro novou repliku",
+            "",
+            "Vault soubory (*.vault)",
+        )
+
+        if path:
+            if not path.endswith(".vault"):
+                path += ".vault"
+            try:
+                self._vault.add_replica(Path(path))
+                self._notifications.notify("Replika přidána", f"Nová replika: {path}")
+                self._update_status()
+            except VaultError as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to add replica: {e}")
+                self._notifications.notify("Chyba", f"Nepodařilo se přidat repliku: {e}", critical=True)
+
+    def _manage_replicas(self) -> None:
+        """Show replica management dialog."""
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            return
+
+        from src.ui.dialogs.manage_replicas import ManageReplicasDialog
+
+        dialog = ManageReplicasDialog(self._vault)
+        dialog.exec()
+        self._update_status()
+
+    def _manual_sync(self) -> None:
+        """Trigger manual synchronization."""
+        if self._vault.is_open:
+            try:
+                self._vault.sync()
+                self._notifications.notify("Synchronizace dokončena", "")
+            except VaultError as e:
+                logger.error(f"Sync failed: {e}")
+                self._notifications.notify("Chyba synchronizace", str(e), critical=True)
+
+    def _resize_vault(self) -> None:
+        """Show resize vault dialog."""
+        if not self._vault.is_open:
+            return
+
+        from src.ui.dialogs.resize_vault import ResizeVaultDialog
+
+        dialog = ResizeVaultDialog(self._vault)
+        if dialog.exec():
+            new_size = dialog.get_new_size()
+            if new_size:
+                try:
+                    self._vault.resize(new_size)
+                    self._notifications.notify(
+                        "Vault zvětšen",
+                        f"Nová velikost: {new_size} MB",
+                    )
+                    self._update_status()
+                except VaultError as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Resize failed: {e}")
+                    self._notifications.notify("Chyba", f"Nepodařilo se zvětšit vault: {e}", critical=True)
+
+    def _quit(self) -> None:
+        """Quit the application."""
+        if self._vault.is_open:
+            self._vault.close()
+        self._tray.hide()
+        self._app.quit()
+
+    def run(self) -> int:
+        """Run the application."""
+        logger.info("Vault tray application starting...")
+        return self._app.exec()
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    """Main entry point for tray application."""
+    app = VaultTrayApp()
+    return app.run()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4839a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Tests package
diff --git a/tests/test_container.py b/tests/test_container.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..584fee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_container.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Tests for Container class.
+
+Note: These tests require udisks2 to be installed and running.
+They actually mount/unmount images, so they're integration tests.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.container import Container, ContainerError
+from src.core.image_manager import create_sparse_image
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def vault_image(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a temporary vault image for testing."""
+    image_path = tmp_path / "test.vault"
+    create_sparse_image(image_path, size_mb=10)
+    return image_path
+
+
+class TestContainer:
+    """Tests for Container class."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_mount_and_unmount(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test mounting and unmounting a vault image."""
+        container = Container(vault_image)
+
+        # Mount
+        mount_point = container.mount()
+        assert container.is_mounted()
+        assert mount_point.exists()
+        assert mount_point.is_dir()
+
+        # Should be able to write files
+        test_file = mount_point / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("Hello, Vault!")
+        assert test_file.exists()
+
+        # Unmount
+        container.unmount()
+        assert not container.is_mounted()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_context_manager(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test using container as context manager."""
+        with Container(vault_image) as container:
+            assert container.is_mounted()
+            mount_point = container.mount_point
+            assert mount_point is not None
+            assert mount_point.exists()
+
+        # Should be unmounted after context exits
+        assert not container.is_mounted()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_mount_creates_vault_directory(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that .vault directory can be created in mounted image."""
+        with Container(vault_image) as container:
+            vault_dir = container.mount_point / ".vault"  # type: ignore
+            vault_dir.mkdir()
+            assert vault_dir.exists()
+
+            # Create manifest file
+            manifest = vault_dir / "manifest.json"
+            manifest.write_text('{"test": true}')
+            assert manifest.exists()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_mount_already_mounted(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that mounting already mounted container fails."""
+        container = Container(vault_image)
+        container.mount()
+
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(ContainerError, match="already mounted"):
+                container.mount()
+        finally:
+            container.unmount()
+
+    def test_mount_nonexistent_image(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that mounting nonexistent image fails."""
+        container = Container(tmp_path / "nonexistent.vault")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ContainerError, match="not found"):
+            container.mount()
+
+    def test_is_mounted_initially_false(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that container is not mounted initially."""
+        container = Container(vault_image)
+        assert not container.is_mounted()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_unmount_not_mounted(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that unmounting not mounted container is safe."""
+        container = Container(vault_image)
+
+        # Should not raise
+        container.unmount()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_data_persists_after_remount(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        """Test that data persists after unmount and remount."""
+        test_content = "Persistent data test"
+
+        # Write data
+        with Container(vault_image) as container:
+            test_file = container.mount_point / "persistent.txt"  # type: ignore
+            test_file.write_text(test_content)
+
+        # Read data after remount
+        with Container(vault_image) as container:
+            test_file = container.mount_point / "persistent.txt"  # type: ignore
+            assert test_file.exists()
+            assert test_file.read_text() == test_content
diff --git a/tests/test_file_entry.py b/tests/test_file_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d98258a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_file_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""Tests for FileEntry dataclass."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.file_entry import FileEntry
+
+
+class TestFileEntry:
+    """Tests for FileEntry dataclass."""
+
+    def test_create_file_entry(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a FileEntry instance."""
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry = FileEntry(
+            path="documents/test.txt",
+            hash="sha256:abc123",
+            size=1024,
+            created=now,
+            modified=now,
+        )
+
+        assert entry.path == "documents/test.txt"
+        assert entry.hash == "sha256:abc123"
+        assert entry.size == 1024
+        assert entry.created == now
+        assert entry.modified == now
+
+    def test_file_entry_is_immutable(self) -> None:
+        """Test that FileEntry is frozen (immutable)."""
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt",
+            hash="sha256:abc",
+            size=100,
+            created=now,
+            modified=now,
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            entry.path = "other.txt"  # type: ignore
+
+    def test_to_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test serialization to dictionary."""
+        created = datetime(2026, 1, 28, 10, 30, 0)
+        modified = datetime(2026, 1, 28, 14, 20, 0)
+        entry = FileEntry(
+            path="documents/file.txt",
+            hash="sha256:e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855",
+            size=1234,
+            created=created,
+            modified=modified,
+        )
+
+        result = entry.to_dict()
+
+        assert result == {
+            "path": "documents/file.txt",
+            "hash": "sha256:e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855",
+            "size": 1234,
+            "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00",
+            "modified": "2026-01-28T14:20:00",
+        }
+
+    def test_from_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test deserialization from dictionary."""
+        data = {
+            "path": "documents/file.txt",
+            "hash": "sha256:abc123",
+            "size": 1234,
+            "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00",
+            "modified": "2026-01-28T14:20:00",
+        }
+
+        entry = FileEntry.from_dict(data)
+
+        assert entry.path == "documents/file.txt"
+        assert entry.hash == "sha256:abc123"
+        assert entry.size == 1234
+        assert entry.created == datetime(2026, 1, 28, 10, 30, 0)
+        assert entry.modified == datetime(2026, 1, 28, 14, 20, 0)
+
+    def test_from_path(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating FileEntry from actual file."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            base_path = Path(tmpdir)
+            file_path = base_path / "test.txt"
+            file_path.write_text("Hello, World!")
+
+            entry = FileEntry.from_path(base_path, file_path)
+
+            assert entry.path == "test.txt"
+            assert entry.hash.startswith("sha256:")
+            assert entry.size == 13  # len("Hello, World!")
+            assert entry.created is not None
+            assert entry.modified is not None
+
+    def test_from_path_nested_directory(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating FileEntry from file in nested directory."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            base_path = Path(tmpdir)
+            nested_dir = base_path / "documents" / "work"
+            nested_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            file_path = nested_dir / "report.txt"
+            file_path.write_text("Test content")
+
+            entry = FileEntry.from_path(base_path, file_path)
+
+            assert entry.path == "documents/work/report.txt"
+
+    def test_has_changed_same_hash(self) -> None:
+        """Test has_changed returns False for same hash."""
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry1 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        entry2 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+
+        assert not entry1.has_changed(entry2)
+
+    def test_has_changed_different_hash(self) -> None:
+        """Test has_changed returns True for different hash."""
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry1 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        entry2 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:xyz", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+
+        assert entry1.has_changed(entry2)
+
+    def test_is_newer_than(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_newer_than comparison."""
+        old_time = datetime(2026, 1, 1, 10, 0, 0)
+        new_time = datetime(2026, 1, 2, 10, 0, 0)
+
+        old_entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=old_time, modified=old_time
+        )
+        new_entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:xyz", size=100, created=new_time, modified=new_time
+        )
+
+        assert new_entry.is_newer_than(old_entry)
+        assert not old_entry.is_newer_than(new_entry)
diff --git a/tests/test_file_sync.py b/tests/test_file_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2375baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_file_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+"""Tests for file_sync module."""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.file_sync import (
+    CopyProgress,
+    copy_directory_with_progress,
+    copy_file_with_progress,
+    delete_directory,
+    delete_file,
+    move_file,
+    sync_file,
+)
+
+
+class TestCopyProgress:
+    """Tests for CopyProgress dataclass."""
+
+    def test_percent_calculation(self) -> None:
+        progress = CopyProgress(
+            src_path=Path("src"),
+            dst_path=Path("dst"),
+            bytes_copied=50,
+            total_bytes=100,
+        )
+        assert progress.percent == 50.0
+
+    def test_percent_with_zero_total(self) -> None:
+        progress = CopyProgress(
+            src_path=Path("src"),
+            dst_path=Path("dst"),
+            bytes_copied=0,
+            total_bytes=0,
+        )
+        assert progress.percent == 100.0
+
+    def test_is_complete_true(self) -> None:
+        progress = CopyProgress(
+            src_path=Path("src"),
+            dst_path=Path("dst"),
+            bytes_copied=100,
+            total_bytes=100,
+        )
+        assert progress.is_complete is True
+
+    def test_is_complete_false(self) -> None:
+        progress = CopyProgress(
+            src_path=Path("src"),
+            dst_path=Path("dst"),
+            bytes_copied=50,
+            total_bytes=100,
+        )
+        assert progress.is_complete is False
+
+
+class TestCopyFileWithProgress:
+    """Tests for copy_file_with_progress function."""
+
+    def test_copy_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("Hello, World!")
+
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+        assert dst.exists()
+        assert dst.read_text() == "Hello, World!"
+
+    def test_copy_file_creates_parent_dirs(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "nested" / "deep" / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+        assert dst.exists()
+        assert dst.read_text() == "content"
+
+    def test_copy_file_with_callback(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        # Create a file larger than chunk size
+        content = "x" * 5000
+        src.write_text(content)
+
+        progress_calls: list[CopyProgress] = []
+
+        def callback(progress: CopyProgress) -> None:
+            progress_calls.append(progress)
+
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst, callback=callback, chunk_size=1000)
+
+        assert len(progress_calls) >= 1
+        assert progress_calls[-1].is_complete
+
+    def test_copy_file_preserves_timestamps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        # Get original timestamps
+        src_stat = src.stat()
+
+        copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+        dst_stat = dst.stat()
+        assert abs(src_stat.st_mtime - dst_stat.st_mtime) < 1
+
+    def test_copy_file_source_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "nonexistent.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+    def test_copy_file_source_is_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "srcdir"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        src.mkdir()
+
+        with pytest.raises(IsADirectoryError):
+            copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+    def test_copy_file_destination_is_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dstdir"
+        src.write_text("content")
+        dst.mkdir()
+
+        with pytest.raises(IsADirectoryError):
+            copy_file_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+
+class TestCopyDirectoryWithProgress:
+    """Tests for copy_directory_with_progress function."""
+
+    def test_copy_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "srcdir"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dstdir"
+        src.mkdir()
+        (src / "file1.txt").write_text("content1")
+        (src / "file2.txt").write_text("content2")
+
+        copy_directory_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+        assert dst.exists()
+        assert (dst / "file1.txt").read_text() == "content1"
+        assert (dst / "file2.txt").read_text() == "content2"
+
+    def test_copy_nested_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "srcdir"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dstdir"
+        src.mkdir()
+        (src / "nested").mkdir()
+        (src / "nested" / "deep.txt").write_text("deep content")
+
+        copy_directory_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+        assert (dst / "nested" / "deep.txt").read_text() == "deep content"
+
+    def test_copy_directory_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "nonexistent"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dstdir"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            copy_directory_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+    def test_copy_directory_source_is_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dstdir"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotADirectoryError):
+            copy_directory_with_progress(src, dst)
+
+
+class TestDeleteFile:
+    """Tests for delete_file function."""
+
+    def test_delete_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        file.write_text("content")
+
+        delete_file(file)
+
+        assert not file.exists()
+
+    def test_delete_file_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        file = tmp_path / "nonexistent.txt"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            delete_file(file)
+
+    def test_delete_file_is_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dir_path = tmp_path / "testdir"
+        dir_path.mkdir()
+
+        with pytest.raises(IsADirectoryError):
+            delete_file(dir_path)
+
+
+class TestDeleteDirectory:
+    """Tests for delete_directory function."""
+
+    def test_delete_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dir_path = tmp_path / "testdir"
+        dir_path.mkdir()
+        (dir_path / "file.txt").write_text("content")
+
+        delete_directory(dir_path)
+
+        assert not dir_path.exists()
+
+    def test_delete_nested_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dir_path = tmp_path / "testdir"
+        dir_path.mkdir()
+        (dir_path / "nested").mkdir()
+        (dir_path / "nested" / "deep.txt").write_text("content")
+
+        delete_directory(dir_path)
+
+        assert not dir_path.exists()
+
+    def test_delete_directory_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dir_path = tmp_path / "nonexistent"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            delete_directory(dir_path)
+
+    def test_delete_directory_is_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        file.write_text("content")
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotADirectoryError):
+            delete_directory(file)
+
+
+class TestMoveFile:
+    """Tests for move_file function."""
+
+    def test_move_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        move_file(src, dst)
+
+        assert not src.exists()
+        assert dst.exists()
+        assert dst.read_text() == "content"
+
+    def test_move_file_creates_parent_dirs(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "nested" / "deep" / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        move_file(src, dst)
+
+        assert not src.exists()
+        assert dst.exists()
+
+    def test_move_file_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "nonexistent.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            move_file(src, dst)
+
+
+class TestSyncFile:
+    """Tests for sync_file function."""
+
+    def test_sync_new_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+        src.write_text("content")
+
+        result = sync_file(src, dst)
+
+        assert result is True
+        assert dst.exists()
+        assert dst.read_text() == "content"
+
+    def test_sync_newer_source(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+
+        # Create destination first
+        dst.write_text("old content")
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # Create newer source
+        src.write_text("new content")
+
+        result = sync_file(src, dst)
+
+        assert result is True
+        assert dst.read_text() == "new content"
+
+    def test_sync_older_source(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "source.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+
+        # Create source first
+        src.write_text("old content")
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # Create newer destination
+        dst.write_text("new content")
+
+        result = sync_file(src, dst)
+
+        assert result is False
+        assert dst.read_text() == "new content"
+
+    def test_sync_file_not_found(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        src = tmp_path / "nonexistent.txt"
+        dst = tmp_path / "dest.txt"
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            sync_file(src, dst)
diff --git a/tests/test_file_watcher.py b/tests/test_file_watcher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a91b02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_file_watcher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+"""Tests for file_watcher module."""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from threading import Event
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.file_watcher import EventType, FileEvent, FileWatcher
+
+
+class TestFileEvent:
+    """Tests for FileEvent dataclass."""
+
+    def test_create_file_event(self) -> None:
+        event = FileEvent(
+            event_type=EventType.CREATED,
+            path="test.txt",
+            is_directory=False,
+        )
+        assert event.event_type == EventType.CREATED
+        assert event.path == "test.txt"
+        assert event.is_directory is False
+        assert event.dest_path is None
+
+    def test_move_event_with_dest(self) -> None:
+        event = FileEvent(
+            event_type=EventType.MOVED,
+            path="old.txt",
+            is_directory=False,
+            dest_path="new.txt",
+        )
+        assert event.event_type == EventType.MOVED
+        assert event.path == "old.txt"
+        assert event.dest_path == "new.txt"
+
+    def test_str_representation(self) -> None:
+        event = FileEvent(EventType.CREATED, "test.txt", False)
+        assert str(event) == "created: test.txt"
+
+    def test_str_representation_moved(self) -> None:
+        event = FileEvent(EventType.MOVED, "old.txt", False, "new.txt")
+        assert str(event) == "moved: old.txt -> new.txt"
+
+
+class TestFileWatcher:
+    """Tests for FileWatcher class."""
+
+    def test_start_and_stop(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        watcher = FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=events.append)
+
+        assert not watcher.is_running()
+        watcher.start()
+        assert watcher.is_running()
+        watcher.stop()
+        assert not watcher.is_running()
+
+    def test_context_manager(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=events.append) as watcher:
+            assert watcher.is_running()
+
+        assert not watcher.is_running()
+
+    def test_start_nonexistent_path_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        nonexistent = tmp_path / "nonexistent"
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        watcher = FileWatcher(nonexistent, callback=events.append)
+
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            watcher.start()
+
+    def test_double_start_is_safe(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        watcher = FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=events.append)
+
+        watcher.start()
+        watcher.start()  # Should not raise
+        assert watcher.is_running()
+        watcher.stop()
+
+    def test_double_stop_is_safe(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        watcher = FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=events.append)
+
+        watcher.start()
+        watcher.stop()
+        watcher.stop()  # Should not raise
+        assert not watcher.is_running()
+
+    def test_detects_file_creation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback):
+            # Create a file
+            test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+            test_file.write_text("hello")
+
+            # Wait for event
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Check that we got a CREATED event
+        created_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == EventType.CREATED]
+        assert len(created_events) >= 1
+        assert any(e.path == "test.txt" for e in created_events)
+
+    def test_detects_file_deletion(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        # Create file first
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("hello")
+
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.event_type == EventType.DELETED:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback):
+            # Delete the file
+            test_file.unlink()
+
+            # Wait for event
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Check that we got a DELETED event
+        deleted_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == EventType.DELETED]
+        assert len(deleted_events) >= 1
+        assert any(e.path == "test.txt" for e in deleted_events)
+
+    def test_detects_file_move(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        # Create file first
+        test_file = tmp_path / "old.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("hello")
+
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.event_type == EventType.MOVED:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback):
+            # Move the file
+            new_file = tmp_path / "new.txt"
+            test_file.rename(new_file)
+
+            # Wait for event
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Check that we got a MOVED event
+        moved_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == EventType.MOVED]
+        assert len(moved_events) >= 1
+        assert any(e.path == "old.txt" and e.dest_path == "new.txt" for e in moved_events)
+
+    def test_ignores_vault_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        # Create .vault directory
+        vault_dir = tmp_path / ".vault"
+        vault_dir.mkdir()
+
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=events.append):
+            # Create file inside .vault
+            (vault_dir / "manifest.json").write_text("{}")
+            time.sleep(0.5)
+
+        # No events should be recorded for .vault directory
+        assert all(".vault" not in e.path for e in events)
+
+    def test_custom_ignore_patterns(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback, ignore_patterns=[".vault", "__pycache__"]):
+            # Create ignored directory
+            cache_dir = tmp_path / "__pycache__"
+            cache_dir.mkdir()
+            (cache_dir / "test.pyc").write_text("cached")
+            time.sleep(0.2)
+
+            # Create non-ignored file
+            (tmp_path / "regular.txt").write_text("hello")
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Only regular.txt events should be recorded
+        assert all("__pycache__" not in e.path for e in events)
+        assert any("regular.txt" in e.path for e in events)
+
+    def test_detects_nested_file_creation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        # Create nested directory
+        nested = tmp_path / "subdir" / "nested"
+        nested.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.event_type == EventType.CREATED and "deep.txt" in event.path:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback):
+            # Create file in nested directory
+            (nested / "deep.txt").write_text("nested content")
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Check event has correct relative path
+        created_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == EventType.CREATED]
+        assert any("subdir/nested/deep.txt" in e.path or "subdir\\nested\\deep.txt" in e.path for e in created_events)
+
+    def test_detects_directory_creation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[FileEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def callback(event: FileEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.is_directory and event.event_type == EventType.CREATED:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        with FileWatcher(tmp_path, callback=callback):
+            # Create directory
+            (tmp_path / "newdir").mkdir()
+            event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Check directory creation event
+        dir_events = [e for e in events if e.is_directory and e.event_type == EventType.CREATED]
+        assert len(dir_events) >= 1
+        assert any(e.path == "newdir" for e in dir_events)
diff --git a/tests/test_image_manager.py b/tests/test_image_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bb6407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_image_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Tests for image_manager module."""
+
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.image_manager import (
+    ImageError,
+    create_sparse_image,
+    delete_image,
+    get_image_info,
+    resize_image,
+)
+
+
+class TestCreateSparseImage:
+    """Tests for create_sparse_image function."""
+
+    def test_create_sparse_image(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a sparse image."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+
+            assert path.exists()
+            # File should be 10MB in logical size
+            assert path.stat().st_size == 10 * 1024 * 1024
+
+    def test_create_sparse_image_is_sparse(self) -> None:
+        """Test that created image is actually sparse (uses less disk space)."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=100)
+
+            stat = path.stat()
+            # Actual disk usage should be much less than logical size
+            # st_blocks is in 512-byte units
+            actual_size = stat.st_blocks * 512
+            logical_size = stat.st_size
+
+            # Actual size should be less than 10% of logical size for a sparse file
+            # (exFAT metadata takes some space, so not 0)
+            assert actual_size < logical_size * 0.1
+
+    def test_create_sparse_image_already_exists(self) -> None:
+        """Test that creating image fails if file exists."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            path.touch()
+
+            with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="already exists"):
+                create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+
+    def test_create_sparse_image_invalid_path(self) -> None:
+        """Test that creating image fails for invalid path."""
+        path = Path("/nonexistent/directory/test.vault")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ImageError):
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+
+
+class TestResizeImage:
+    """Tests for resize_image function."""
+
+    def test_resize_image(self) -> None:
+        """Test resizing an image."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+
+            resize_image(path, new_size_mb=20)
+
+            assert path.stat().st_size == 20 * 1024 * 1024
+
+    def test_resize_image_smaller_fails(self) -> None:
+        """Test that shrinking an image fails."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=20)
+
+            with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="must be larger"):
+                resize_image(path, new_size_mb=10)
+
+    def test_resize_image_same_size_fails(self) -> None:
+        """Test that resizing to same size fails."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+
+            with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="must be larger"):
+                resize_image(path, new_size_mb=10)
+
+    def test_resize_nonexistent_image(self) -> None:
+        """Test that resizing nonexistent image fails."""
+        path = Path("/nonexistent/test.vault")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="not found"):
+            resize_image(path, new_size_mb=20)
+
+
+class TestGetImageInfo:
+    """Tests for get_image_info function."""
+
+    def test_get_image_info(self) -> None:
+        """Test getting image info."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=50)
+
+            info = get_image_info(path)
+
+            assert info["path"] == str(path)
+            assert info["size_mb"] == 50
+            assert info["actual_size_mb"] < 50  # Sparse file
+            assert 0 < info["sparse_ratio"] < 1
+
+    def test_get_image_info_nonexistent(self) -> None:
+        """Test getting info for nonexistent image."""
+        path = Path("/nonexistent/test.vault")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="not found"):
+            get_image_info(path)
+
+
+class TestDeleteImage:
+    """Tests for delete_image function."""
+
+    def test_delete_image(self) -> None:
+        """Test deleting an image."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = Path(tmpdir) / "test.vault"
+            create_sparse_image(path, size_mb=10)
+            assert path.exists()
+
+            delete_image(path)
+
+            assert not path.exists()
+
+    def test_delete_nonexistent_image(self) -> None:
+        """Test deleting nonexistent image fails."""
+        path = Path("/nonexistent/test.vault")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ImageError, match="not found"):
+            delete_image(path)
diff --git a/tests/test_lock.py b/tests/test_lock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cedf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_lock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+"""Tests for VaultLock."""
+
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import tempfile
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.lock import VaultLock, VaultLockError
+
+
+class TestVaultLock:
+    """Tests for VaultLock class."""
+
+    def test_acquire_and_release(self) -> None:
+        """Test basic lock acquire and release."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / ".vault" / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            assert lock.acquire()
+            assert lock_path.exists()
+            lock.release()
+
+    def test_lock_creates_directory(self) -> None:
+        """Test that lock creates parent directory if needed."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "nested" / "dir" / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            assert lock.acquire()
+            assert lock_path.parent.exists()
+            lock.release()
+
+    def test_lock_writes_pid(self) -> None:
+        """Test that lock file contains PID."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            lock.acquire()
+            pid = lock.get_owner_pid()
+            lock.release()
+
+            assert pid == os.getpid()
+
+    def test_release_removes_lock_file(self) -> None:
+        """Test that release removes lock file."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            lock.acquire()
+            lock.release()
+
+            assert not lock_path.exists()
+
+    def test_release_safe_when_not_locked(self) -> None:
+        """Test that release is safe to call when not locked."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            # Should not raise
+            lock.release()
+
+    def test_is_locked_when_not_locked(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_locked returns False when not locked."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            assert not lock.is_locked()
+
+    def test_is_locked_when_locked(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_locked returns True when locked."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            lock.acquire()
+            try:
+                # Check from different VaultLock instance
+                other_lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+                assert other_lock.is_locked()
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+
+    def test_context_manager(self) -> None:
+        """Test context manager usage."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+
+            with VaultLock(lock_path):
+                assert lock_path.exists()
+
+            assert not lock_path.exists()
+
+    def test_context_manager_raises_when_locked(self) -> None:
+        """Test context manager raises when already locked."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock1 = VaultLock(lock_path)
+            lock1.acquire()
+
+            try:
+                with pytest.raises(VaultLockError):
+                    with VaultLock(lock_path):
+                        pass
+            finally:
+                lock1.release()
+
+    def test_get_owner_pid_no_lock_file(self) -> None:
+        """Test get_owner_pid returns None when no lock file."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            assert lock.get_owner_pid() is None
+
+
+def _acquire_lock_in_subprocess(lock_path: str, result_queue: multiprocessing.Queue) -> None:
+    """Helper function to acquire lock in subprocess."""
+    lock = VaultLock(Path(lock_path))
+    acquired = lock.acquire()
+    result_queue.put(acquired)
+    if acquired:
+        time.sleep(0.5)  # Hold lock briefly
+        lock.release()
+
+
+class TestVaultLockMultiprocess:
+    """Tests for VaultLock with multiple processes."""
+
+    def test_second_process_cannot_acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Test that second process cannot acquire lock."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            # Acquire lock in main process
+            assert lock.acquire()
+
+            try:
+                # Try to acquire in subprocess
+                result_queue: multiprocessing.Queue = multiprocessing.Queue()
+                process = multiprocessing.Process(
+                    target=_acquire_lock_in_subprocess,
+                    args=(str(lock_path), result_queue),
+                )
+                process.start()
+                process.join(timeout=2)
+
+                # Subprocess should not have acquired the lock
+                acquired_in_subprocess = result_queue.get(timeout=1)
+                assert not acquired_in_subprocess
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+
+    def test_process_can_acquire_after_release(self) -> None:
+        """Test that process can acquire lock after it's released."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            lock_path = Path(tmpdir) / "lock"
+            lock = VaultLock(lock_path)
+
+            # Acquire and release
+            lock.acquire()
+            lock.release()
+
+            # Now subprocess should be able to acquire
+            result_queue: multiprocessing.Queue = multiprocessing.Queue()
+            process = multiprocessing.Process(
+                target=_acquire_lock_in_subprocess,
+                args=(str(lock_path), result_queue),
+            )
+            process.start()
+            process.join(timeout=2)
+
+            acquired_in_subprocess = result_queue.get(timeout=1)
+            assert acquired_in_subprocess
diff --git a/tests/test_manifest.py b/tests/test_manifest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66b5b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_manifest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+"""Tests for Manifest dataclass."""
+
+import tempfile
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from src.core.file_entry import FileEntry
+from src.core.manifest import Location, Manifest
+
+
+class TestLocation:
+    """Tests for Location dataclass."""
+
+    def test_create_location(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a Location instance."""
+        now = datetime.now()
+        loc = Location(
+            path="/mnt/disk1/vault.vault",
+            last_seen=now,
+            status="active",
+        )
+
+        assert loc.path == "/mnt/disk1/vault.vault"
+        assert loc.last_seen == now
+        assert loc.status == "active"
+
+    def test_to_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test serialization to dictionary."""
+        time = datetime(2026, 1, 28, 15, 45, 0)
+        loc = Location(
+            path="/mnt/disk1/vault.vault",
+            last_seen=time,
+            status="active",
+        )
+
+        result = loc.to_dict()
+
+        assert result == {
+            "path": "/mnt/disk1/vault.vault",
+            "last_seen": "2026-01-28T15:45:00",
+            "status": "active",
+        }
+
+    def test_from_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test deserialization from dictionary."""
+        data = {
+            "path": "/mnt/nas/vault.vault",
+            "last_seen": "2026-01-25T08:00:00",
+            "status": "unreachable",
+        }
+
+        loc = Location.from_dict(data)
+
+        assert loc.path == "/mnt/nas/vault.vault"
+        assert loc.last_seen == datetime(2026, 1, 25, 8, 0, 0)
+        assert loc.status == "unreachable"
+
+
+class TestManifest:
+    """Tests for Manifest dataclass."""
+
+    def test_create_new_manifest(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a new manifest."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="My Vault",
+            image_size_mb=1024,
+            location_path="/mnt/disk1/myvault.vault",
+        )
+
+        assert manifest.vault_name == "My Vault"
+        assert manifest.image_size_mb == 1024
+        assert manifest.version == 1
+        assert len(manifest.locations) == 1
+        assert manifest.locations[0].path == "/mnt/disk1/myvault.vault"
+        assert manifest.locations[0].status == "active"
+        assert len(manifest.files) == 0
+        assert manifest.vault_id  # UUID should be set
+
+    def test_to_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test serialization to dictionary."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test Vault",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/test/vault.vault",
+        )
+
+        result = manifest.to_dict()
+
+        assert result["vault_name"] == "Test Vault"
+        assert result["image_size_mb"] == 512
+        assert result["version"] == 1
+        assert len(result["locations"]) == 1
+        assert len(result["files"]) == 0
+        assert "vault_id" in result
+        assert "created" in result
+        assert "last_modified" in result
+
+    def test_from_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test deserialization from dictionary."""
+        data = {
+            "vault_id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
+            "vault_name": "My Vault",
+            "version": 1,
+            "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00",
+            "last_modified": "2026-01-28T15:45:00",
+            "image_size_mb": 10240,
+            "locations": [
+                {
+                    "path": "/mnt/disk1/myvault.vault",
+                    "last_seen": "2026-01-28T15:45:00",
+                    "status": "active",
+                }
+            ],
+            "files": [
+                {
+                    "path": "documents/file.txt",
+                    "hash": "sha256:abc123",
+                    "size": 1234,
+                    "created": "2026-01-28T10:30:00",
+                    "modified": "2026-01-28T14:20:00",
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+
+        manifest = Manifest.from_dict(data)
+
+        assert manifest.vault_id == "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
+        assert manifest.vault_name == "My Vault"
+        assert manifest.image_size_mb == 10240
+        assert len(manifest.locations) == 1
+        assert len(manifest.files) == 1
+        assert manifest.files[0].path == "documents/file.txt"
+
+    def test_save_and_load(self) -> None:
+        """Test saving and loading manifest to/from file."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            mount_point = Path(tmpdir)
+
+            # Create and save
+            manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+                vault_name="Test Vault",
+                image_size_mb=512,
+                location_path="/test/vault.vault",
+            )
+            manifest.save(mount_point)
+
+            # Verify file exists
+            manifest_path = mount_point / ".vault" / "manifest.json"
+            assert manifest_path.exists()
+
+            # Load and verify
+            loaded = Manifest.load(mount_point)
+            assert loaded.vault_id == manifest.vault_id
+            assert loaded.vault_name == manifest.vault_name
+            assert loaded.image_size_mb == manifest.image_size_mb
+
+    def test_add_location(self) -> None:
+        """Test adding a new location."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+        original_modified = manifest.last_modified
+
+        manifest.add_location("/disk2/vault.vault")
+
+        assert len(manifest.locations) == 2
+        assert manifest.locations[1].path == "/disk2/vault.vault"
+        assert manifest.locations[1].status == "active"
+        assert manifest.last_modified >= original_modified
+
+    def test_update_location_status(self) -> None:
+        """Test updating location status."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+
+        manifest.update_location_status("/disk1/vault.vault", "unreachable")
+
+        assert manifest.locations[0].status == "unreachable"
+
+    def test_add_file(self) -> None:
+        """Test adding a file entry."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+        now = datetime.now()
+        file_entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt",
+            hash="sha256:abc",
+            size=100,
+            created=now,
+            modified=now,
+        )
+
+        manifest.add_file(file_entry)
+
+        assert len(manifest.files) == 1
+        assert manifest.files[0].path == "test.txt"
+
+    def test_add_file_updates_existing(self) -> None:
+        """Test that adding a file with same path updates it."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+        now = datetime.now()
+
+        # Add first version
+        entry1 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:old", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        manifest.add_file(entry1)
+
+        # Add updated version
+        entry2 = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:new", size=200, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        manifest.add_file(entry2)
+
+        assert len(manifest.files) == 1
+        assert manifest.files[0].hash == "sha256:new"
+        assert manifest.files[0].size == 200
+
+    def test_remove_file(self) -> None:
+        """Test removing a file entry."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        manifest.add_file(entry)
+
+        manifest.remove_file("test.txt")
+
+        assert len(manifest.files) == 0
+
+    def test_get_file(self) -> None:
+        """Test getting a file entry by path."""
+        manifest = Manifest.create_new(
+            vault_name="Test",
+            image_size_mb=512,
+            location_path="/disk1/vault.vault",
+        )
+        now = datetime.now()
+        entry = FileEntry(
+            path="test.txt", hash="sha256:abc", size=100, created=now, modified=now
+        )
+        manifest.add_file(entry)
+
+        found = manifest.get_file("test.txt")
+        not_found = manifest.get_file("nonexistent.txt")
+
+        assert found is not None
+        assert found.path == "test.txt"
+        assert not_found is None
diff --git a/tests/test_sync_manager.py b/tests/test_sync_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be5879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_sync_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+"""Tests for sync_manager module."""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from threading import Event
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.file_watcher import EventType
+from src.core.manifest import Manifest
+from src.core.sync_manager import (
+    ReplicaMount,
+    SyncEvent,
+    SyncManager,
+    SyncStatus,
+)
+
+
+class TestReplicaMount:
+    """Tests for ReplicaMount dataclass."""
+
+    def test_get_file_path(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        replica = ReplicaMount(
+            mount_point=tmp_path / "mount",
+            image_path=tmp_path / "vault.vault",
+            is_primary=False,
+        )
+        assert replica.get_file_path("docs/file.txt") == tmp_path / "mount" / "docs" / "file.txt"
+
+
+class TestSyncManager:
+    """Tests for SyncManager class."""
+
+    def test_initial_state(self) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        assert manager.status == SyncStatus.IDLE
+        assert manager.replica_count == 0
+        assert manager.primary_mount is None
+
+    def test_add_replica(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        mount = tmp_path / "mount"
+        mount.mkdir()
+        image = tmp_path / "vault.vault"
+
+        manager.add_replica(mount, image, is_primary=False)
+
+        assert manager.replica_count == 1
+        assert manager.primary_mount is None
+
+    def test_add_primary_replica(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        mount = tmp_path / "mount"
+        mount.mkdir()
+        image = tmp_path / "vault.vault"
+
+        manager.add_replica(mount, image, is_primary=True)
+
+        assert manager.replica_count == 1
+        assert manager.primary_mount == mount
+
+    def test_remove_replica(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        mount = tmp_path / "mount"
+        mount.mkdir()
+        image = tmp_path / "vault.vault"
+
+        manager.add_replica(mount, image)
+        assert manager.replica_count == 1
+
+        result = manager.remove_replica(mount)
+        assert result is True
+        assert manager.replica_count == 0
+
+    def test_remove_nonexistent_replica(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        result = manager.remove_replica(tmp_path / "nonexistent")
+        assert result is False
+
+    def test_start_watching_without_primary_raises(self) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No primary replica"):
+            manager.start_watching()
+
+    def test_start_and_stop_watching(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+        mount = tmp_path / "mount"
+        mount.mkdir()
+        image = tmp_path / "vault.vault"
+
+        manager.add_replica(mount, image, is_primary=True)
+        manager.start_watching()
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+    def test_pause_and_resume_sync(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[SyncEvent] = []
+        manager = SyncManager(on_sync_event=events.append)
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+        manager.start_watching()
+
+        # Pause sync
+        manager.pause_sync()
+
+        # Create file while paused
+        (primary / "paused.txt").write_text("created while paused")
+        time.sleep(0.3)
+
+        # No events should be recorded
+        assert len(events) == 0
+        assert not (secondary / "paused.txt").exists()
+
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+
+class TestSyncManagerPropagation:
+    """Tests for file propagation in SyncManager."""
+
+    def test_propagate_file_creation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[SyncEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def on_event(event: SyncEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            event_received.set()
+
+        manager = SyncManager(on_sync_event=on_event)
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+        manager.start_watching()
+
+        # Create file in primary
+        (primary / "test.txt").write_text("hello")
+
+        # Wait for sync
+        event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+        # Check file was synced
+        assert (secondary / "test.txt").exists()
+        assert (secondary / "test.txt").read_text() == "hello"
+
+        # Check event
+        created_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == EventType.CREATED]
+        assert len(created_events) >= 1
+
+    def test_propagate_file_deletion(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[SyncEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def on_event(event: SyncEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.event_type == EventType.DELETED:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        manager = SyncManager(on_sync_event=on_event)
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+
+        # Create file in both
+        (primary / "delete.txt").write_text("to delete")
+        (secondary / "delete.txt").write_text("to delete")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+        manager.start_watching()
+
+        # Delete file in primary
+        (primary / "delete.txt").unlink()
+
+        # Wait for sync
+        event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+        # Check file was deleted in secondary
+        assert not (secondary / "delete.txt").exists()
+
+    def test_propagate_file_move(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[SyncEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def on_event(event: SyncEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            if event.event_type == EventType.MOVED:
+                event_received.set()
+
+        manager = SyncManager(on_sync_event=on_event)
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+
+        # Create file in both
+        (primary / "old.txt").write_text("content")
+        (secondary / "old.txt").write_text("content")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+        manager.start_watching()
+
+        # Move file in primary
+        (primary / "old.txt").rename(primary / "new.txt")
+
+        # Wait for sync
+        event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+        # Check file was moved in secondary
+        assert not (secondary / "old.txt").exists()
+        assert (secondary / "new.txt").exists()
+
+    def test_propagate_to_multiple_replicas(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        events: list[SyncEvent] = []
+        event_received = Event()
+
+        def on_event(event: SyncEvent) -> None:
+            events.append(event)
+            event_received.set()
+
+        manager = SyncManager(on_sync_event=on_event)
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary1 = tmp_path / "secondary1"
+        secondary2 = tmp_path / "secondary2"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary1.mkdir()
+        secondary2.mkdir()
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary1, tmp_path / "secondary1.vault")
+        manager.add_replica(secondary2, tmp_path / "secondary2.vault")
+        manager.start_watching()
+
+        # Create file in primary
+        (primary / "multi.txt").write_text("multi content")
+
+        # Wait for sync
+        event_received.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        time.sleep(0.2)  # Extra time for all replicas
+        manager.stop_watching()
+
+        # Check file was synced to all secondaries
+        assert (secondary1 / "multi.txt").exists()
+        assert (secondary2 / "multi.txt").exists()
+
+
+class TestSyncManagerManifestSync:
+    """Tests for manifest-based synchronization."""
+
+    def test_sync_from_manifest_new_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+        (primary / ".vault").mkdir()
+        (secondary / ".vault").mkdir()
+
+        # Create file in primary
+        (primary / "newfile.txt").write_text("new content")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+
+        # Create manifests
+        source_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "primary.vault"))
+        source_manifest.add_file_from_path(primary, primary / "newfile.txt")
+
+        target_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "secondary.vault"))
+
+        # Sync
+        synced = manager.sync_from_manifest(source_manifest, secondary, target_manifest)
+
+        assert synced == 1
+        assert (secondary / "newfile.txt").exists()
+        assert (secondary / "newfile.txt").read_text() == "new content"
+
+    def test_sync_from_manifest_newer_source(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+        (primary / ".vault").mkdir()
+        (secondary / ".vault").mkdir()
+
+        # Create file in both with different content
+        (secondary / "update.txt").write_text("old content")
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        (primary / "update.txt").write_text("new content")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+
+        # Create manifests
+        source_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "primary.vault"))
+        source_manifest.add_file_from_path(primary, primary / "update.txt")
+
+        target_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "secondary.vault"))
+        target_manifest.add_file_from_path(secondary, secondary / "update.txt")
+
+        # Sync
+        synced = manager.sync_from_manifest(source_manifest, secondary, target_manifest)
+
+        assert synced == 1
+        assert (secondary / "update.txt").read_text() == "new content"
+
+    def test_sync_from_manifest_deleted_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary = tmp_path / "secondary"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary.mkdir()
+        (primary / ".vault").mkdir()
+        (secondary / ".vault").mkdir()
+
+        # Create file only in secondary (simulating deletion in primary)
+        (secondary / "deleted.txt").write_text("will be deleted")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary, tmp_path / "secondary.vault")
+
+        # Create manifests - source has no files, target has one
+        source_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "primary.vault"))
+
+        target_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "secondary.vault"))
+        target_manifest.add_file_from_path(secondary, secondary / "deleted.txt")
+
+        # Sync
+        synced = manager.sync_from_manifest(source_manifest, secondary, target_manifest)
+
+        assert synced == 1
+        assert not (secondary / "deleted.txt").exists()
+
+    def test_full_sync(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        manager = SyncManager()
+
+        primary = tmp_path / "primary"
+        secondary1 = tmp_path / "secondary1"
+        secondary2 = tmp_path / "secondary2"
+        primary.mkdir()
+        secondary1.mkdir()
+        secondary2.mkdir()
+        (primary / ".vault").mkdir()
+        (secondary1 / ".vault").mkdir()
+        (secondary2 / ".vault").mkdir()
+
+        # Create files in primary
+        (primary / "file1.txt").write_text("content1")
+        (primary / "file2.txt").write_text("content2")
+
+        manager.add_replica(primary, tmp_path / "primary.vault", is_primary=True)
+        manager.add_replica(secondary1, tmp_path / "secondary1.vault")
+        manager.add_replica(secondary2, tmp_path / "secondary2.vault")
+
+        # Create and save primary manifest
+        primary_manifest = Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "primary.vault"))
+        primary_manifest.add_file_from_path(primary, primary / "file1.txt")
+        primary_manifest.add_file_from_path(primary, primary / "file2.txt")
+        primary_manifest.save(primary)
+
+        # Create empty manifests for secondaries
+        Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "secondary1.vault")).save(secondary1)
+        Manifest.create_new("Test", 100, str(tmp_path / "secondary2.vault")).save(secondary2)
+
+        # Full sync
+        results = manager.full_sync()
+
+        assert results[secondary1] == 2
+        assert results[secondary2] == 2
+        assert (secondary1 / "file1.txt").read_text() == "content1"
+        assert (secondary2 / "file2.txt").read_text() == "content2"
diff --git a/tests/test_vault.py b/tests/test_vault.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2480fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_vault.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+"""Tests for vault module."""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from src.core.image_manager import create_sparse_image
+from src.core.vault import Vault, VaultError, VaultState
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def vault_image(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a test vault image."""
+    image_path = tmp_path / "test.vault"
+    create_sparse_image(image_path, 10)  # 10 MB
+    return image_path
+
+
+class TestVault:
+    """Tests for Vault class."""
+
+    def test_initial_state(self) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        assert vault.state == VaultState.CLOSED
+        assert vault.is_open is False
+        assert vault.mount_point is None
+        assert vault.replica_count == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_open_and_close(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+
+        # Open
+        mount = vault.open(vault_image)
+        assert vault.is_open
+        assert vault.state == VaultState.OPEN
+        assert vault.mount_point == mount
+        assert mount.exists()
+
+        # Close
+        vault.close()
+        assert vault.state == VaultState.CLOSED
+        assert vault.is_open is False
+        assert vault.mount_point is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_context_manager(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        with Vault() as vault:
+            vault.open(vault_image)
+            assert vault.is_open
+
+        assert vault.state == VaultState.CLOSED
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_state_change_callback(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        states: list[VaultState] = []
+
+        def on_state_change(state: VaultState) -> None:
+            states.append(state)
+
+        vault = Vault(on_state_change=on_state_change)
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+        vault.close()
+
+        assert VaultState.OPENING in states
+        assert VaultState.OPEN in states
+        assert VaultState.CLOSED in states
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_open_creates_manifest(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        mount = vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        assert vault.manifest is not None
+        assert vault.manifest.vault_name == "test"  # from filename
+        assert (mount / ".vault" / "manifest.json").exists()
+
+        vault.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_open_already_open_raises(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        with pytest.raises(VaultError, match="already open"):
+            vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        vault.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_get_replicas(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        replicas = vault.get_replicas()
+        assert len(replicas) == 1
+        assert replicas[0].is_primary is True
+        assert replicas[0].is_mounted is True
+        assert replicas[0].image_path == vault_image
+
+        vault.close()
+
+
+class TestVaultLocking:
+    """Tests for vault locking."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_vault_is_locked_when_open(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        # Lock file should exist
+        lock_path = vault_image.parent / f".{vault_image.stem}.lock"
+        assert lock_path.exists()
+
+        vault.close()
+
+        # Lock should be released
+        assert not lock_path.exists()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_second_vault_cannot_open_locked(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault1 = Vault()
+        vault1.open(vault_image)
+
+        vault2 = Vault()
+        with pytest.raises(VaultError, match="locked"):
+            vault2.open(vault_image)
+
+        vault1.close()
+
+
+class TestVaultReplicas:
+    """Tests for vault replica management."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_add_replica(self, vault_image: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        # Create a file in primary
+        (vault.mount_point / "test.txt").write_text("hello")  # type: ignore
+
+        # Add replica
+        replica_path = tmp_path / "replica.vault"
+        replica_mount = vault.add_replica(replica_path)
+
+        assert vault.replica_count == 2
+        assert replica_path.exists()
+        assert (replica_mount / "test.txt").exists()
+        assert (replica_mount / "test.txt").read_text() == "hello"
+
+        vault.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_remove_replica(self, vault_image: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        # Add replica
+        replica_path = tmp_path / "replica.vault"
+        vault.add_replica(replica_path)
+        assert vault.replica_count == 2
+
+        # Remove replica
+        vault.remove_replica(replica_path)
+        assert vault.replica_count == 1
+
+        vault.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_cannot_remove_primary(self, vault_image: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        with pytest.raises(VaultError, match="primary"):
+            vault.remove_replica(vault_image)
+
+        vault.close()
+
+
+class TestVaultSync:
+    """Tests for vault synchronization."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_file_propagation(self, vault_image: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        # Add replica
+        replica_path = tmp_path / "replica.vault"
+        replica_mount = vault.add_replica(replica_path)
+
+        # Create file in primary - should propagate to replica
+        (vault.mount_point / "sync_test.txt").write_text("synced content")  # type: ignore
+        time.sleep(0.5)  # Wait for sync
+
+        assert (replica_mount / "sync_test.txt").exists()
+        assert (replica_mount / "sync_test.txt").read_text() == "synced content"
+
+        vault.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_manual_sync(self, vault_image: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        vault = Vault()
+        vault.open(vault_image)
+
+        # Create file before adding replica
+        (vault.mount_point / "existing.txt").write_text("existing")  # type: ignore
+
+        # Add replica (should sync during add)
+        replica_path = tmp_path / "replica.vault"
+        replica_mount = vault.add_replica(replica_path)
+
+        assert (replica_mount / "existing.txt").exists()
+
+        # Create another file
+        (vault.mount_point / "new.txt").write_text("new")  # type: ignore
+
+        # Pause sync and modify
+        vault._sync_manager.pause_sync()  # type: ignore
+        (vault.mount_point / "paused.txt").write_text("paused")  # type: ignore
+        time.sleep(0.3)
+
+        # File shouldn't be in replica yet
+        # (might be there due to timing, so just trigger manual sync)
+
+        # Resume and sync manually
+        vault._sync_manager.resume_sync()  # type: ignore
+        vault.sync()
+
+        vault.close()